The Sacrilege: Caesar A Political Mastermind :: essays research papers

The Sacrilege Caesar A Political MastermindThroughout the book "The Sacrilege," Caesar evolved from a politicalnothing, to a political mastermind. It is easy to see his progress through theeyes of a character by the name of Decius. He helps use to spot that Caesarwanted three main things in this scheme. He desired money, some military men,and finally a consulship. To get what he wanted, Caesar had to be smart,powerful, and a elfin sneaky. Decius changes his views on how he views Caesarthrough a series of events throughout the story. Decius gains respect forCaesar and so does every else who has seen Caesar in action.     At first, Decius doesnt believe that Caesar will amount to oft in hislifetime. He believes that Caesar would rather live a luxurious and relaxedlife. Although Caesar didnt think so. Burra, who thought that Caesar would bebrilliant if he enlisted and controlled a legion, was exactly correct. Caesar,as business relationship as shown, is a brilliant leader. Caesar believed that by leading youmust not just make a plan, you must carry it out with his own manpower. He wasalways on his horse leading his pack through the bloodshed, not like many otherleaders.     When Decius was talking to Milo towards the beginning of the story hesays that Caesar is known for being "reckless." He recounts the story of thepirates that captured him. Also in that conversation, Decius puts down Caesarbecause he says that Caesar has no money and that even as Pontifex Maximus, hestill doesnt bedevil any money. So he thinks less of Caesar when Milo tells himabout a huge loan from Crassus to Caesar because he couldnt pay off his debts.     Decius starts to gain respect for Caesar when he makes the announcement,as Pontifex Maximus, to label the "heinous" crime a "sacrilege." Caesar walksso seriously and confidently pile "lose their stony faces" when Caesar arrives.Although when Caesar makes the remark of "Caesars wife must be abovesuspicion," Decius is the first person to burst out laughing. He loses some ofthe respect for Caesar that he will later notice.     Then Decius comes to a point where is gains dependable respect for Caesar.When Clodius is chasing him down, and they end up fighting each other in hand tohand combat, Caesar breaks in. At that point Decius says that he realizes howCaesar is able the manipulate people and break up crowds like "the parting ofthe sea." Caesar holds a very powerful position, Pontifex Maximus, which means

Protecting Miles and Flora in The Turn of the Screw Essay -- Henry Jam

Protecting Miles and Flora in The Turn of the ScrewI saw my service so strongly and simply. I was there to protect anddefend the little creatures The governess sees it as her duty toprotect Miles and Flora. What do they need protection from and howdoes Henry James represent this in his smart The Turn of the Screw?Henry Jamess Turn of the Screw can be interpreted in many several(predicate)ways. He constructed his novel in order to make allusions to sexualtopics, (without stating anything explicitly) madness, ghosts and theVictorian society. In this essay I will be analysing each of the abovein order to make a conclusion as to what I think the peasantren needprotecting from.As for the ghosts being present or not, this can be argued. A pointarguing the ghosts are present is in the introduction of the level.The man telling the story said he knew the governess and he creditsthe story with being a real ghost tale and the governess as being areal hero. Another point suggesting the ghost s are present is thatwhen the governess sees Peter phoebe bird she is able to go back to MrsGrose with a fairly full description of him, even though she had neveractually met him whilst he was alive. Another aspect of the novel that shows the ghosts exist is thevocabulary used to describe Miles and flora. They are called cherubsand have religious connections made saying they are angelic. Thegoverness sees Flora as so very remarkable and the most beautifulchild ever seen. The children seem to be too perfect. Flora isdescribed as being the most perfect child yet so many supernaturalthings occurs it is quite unbelievable that she is so very sweet andinnocent.Going onto a point suggesting the g... ...s or over imagine, for example, when she seesMiles looking up she instantly is convinced he is not looking at her,but just above her and at a person and that person is Quint. Could thegoverness be 100% sure that Miles was looking above her and not ather? As I think the governess is ment ally unstable, the next step I see her winning is protecting her sexuality and safety. The governess producesan image which is the female ghost of Miss Jessel. This allows PeterQuint and Miss Jessel to be sexually involved and the governessprotecting herself.This leaves me to say, that the ghosts are a part of the governessesimagination. I think this because I do not find the governess areliable narrator. If anything the children need protecting from it isfrom the governess and her unstability. I think this is what broughtabout her wan behaviour.

Essay examples --

Steven Spielbergs film Amistad and Howard Jones book Mutiny on the Amistad both tell the story of a assembly of slaves who were able to buck over a ship called the Amistad just off the coast of Cuba in attempts to sail home to west Africa. After being tricked by the two stay crewmembers into sailing up the east coast of America, the slaves are captured and thrown into a life changing legal battle, one of the most famous trials in history. Eventually, the group of slaves were granted their freedom and allowed to return to their homes. Both Spielberg and Jones foc utilise on the events cuting up to the trial, the outcome of the trial, as well as its significance, even Jones told the story with to a greater extent depth, details, and accuracy. However even with this being said, there are still things that can be learned through viewing this film.When viewing the film, students will learn and welcome a feel for a general outline of the events that took place. The film does not go in to much detail about any of the characters or main events, however does focus on the trials and their eventual verdicts. Also, in typical Spielberg fashion, the cinematography of the plastic film helps to provide very detailed visuals of the horrifying nature of slavery, evident in the conditions we put one across on the two ships, the Amistad and the Tecora. Though what went on aboard the ships in the film may or may not have actually happened, it if safe to read actual events probably were not that far off. At the most, this film may provide some background information on the events that took place during this time, and which may lead to further interest in the viewer.As previously stated, both the film and the book deal with the events of the Amistad and the fate of the slaves ... ... speeches, testimonies, etc. to put together an in depth look at the Amistad, along with many more stocks which can be found at the end of the book (pg. 222-259).When it comes to teaching histor y in university, the fact that the book used many more reputable resources and remained true to the story makes it more suited and superior to the movie. The book is a more reliable source and a more accurate representation of all events that occurred, written from each angle. As stated earlier, Steven Spielberg put together very well made movie and includes many of the main events that occurred at the time, however due its inaccuracy and lack of detail regarding all events, it should not be used in teaching. It may be used to gauge interest and lead to further readings, however it should not be used over the book to teach the significance of this historical event.

Essay --

2.0 DESTINATION PROFILE SOUTH AFRICAOften called the rainbow nation, is a country filled with unequaled fascinating and inspiring experiences, as it aims a wide site natural landscape throughout the region, a wide variety of species, game applys as well as the diverse mix of people and culture It is one of the top leisure destinations in the world, with its rich diversity and culture, and picture. It remain as the approximately favoured destination in Africa as well financial strong hold of the region. The country is very much popular among tourists as it is well developed, in price if infrastructure, activities and offers world class services. (Manyathi,. O, 2012) Figure 1.Map Location of South Africa http//mapsafrica.blogspot.chTable .1 ProvinceCAPITOLPROVINCESPROVINCESPretoriaEastern CapeNorthern CapeCapetownGautengWestern CapeBloemfontienKwazulu- naturalFree StateMpumulangaLimpopo2.1 Main Attractions Visitor attractions are the most important aspect in tourism, as they are mainly the main motivating actor of the visit. (Cooper, .C, 2012)There are wide variety offers the worlds, recognisable attractions that the destination offers ranging, fro ,beaches, wine routes and game viewing. The following is a list of most poplar attractions.Kruger National Park- The largest reserve in , located in Capetown that has the highest number of animals and species.2. Table Mountain- Overlooking the city of Capetown and the famous Robben Island, it serves as both a historical attraction and also offer a wide range of activities.3. Drakensburg Mountain- A popular destination as it is the highest mountain range in Southen Africa as well as the highest cliff in the world.4. Durban beaches-They provide an e... ...ect investments (F.D.I) rose as compared to the 1990s, recorded at 9 billion in 2008 and then declining in the following year.In 2012 F D.I decreased by 24% dropping from 6.04 billion in 2011 to 4.57 in 2012.However outflows of investment in increased from a negetive 257million to 2011$4.37billion in 2012 when investment totalled $82.37 billionINTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM pauperization AND SUPPLY.Tourism demand governs the level of demand, the spatial characteristics of demand the tourists motives for doing such decisions In South Africa tourism will continuously growand offer a wide range of products .0http//www.southafrica.nethttp//www.statssa.gov.za/ublications/Report-03-51-02/Report-03-51-022012.pdfhttp//www.gauteng.net/attractions/entry/apartheid_museum/http//www.southafrica.net/uploads/legacy/1/528609/2011_Annual_Report_v9_06072012.pdf

RIP Bradley Nowell :: essays research papers

-T hose of you who were fortunate enough to meet Bradley Nowell, saw a gay who liked to smile and sing. He did these two things with the greatest of ease. The man we knew liked to pick up a guitar, not needles, but on the 25th of may in 1996, many of us were shocked by the news of his tragic death. Just seven days earlier, he married the beautiful Troy Dendekker. Things were lookin absolutely bright for him. It was rumored t wear he even woke up extra early on the morning of his death to walk his dog on the beach because he felt up just great to be living. Hours later after he woke up, he was found dead from a heroin overdose in his San Francisco motel room. W hat went wrong I thought to myself? I remember hearing the news of his death on a local radio station. Ive been a Sublime buffer since my senior year of high school. The single "Date Rape" made the Chicago airwaves and I was hooked. I did a little research and I observe that Bradley had been in and out of rehabili tation centers since 1992. Many people that Ive talked to about Bradleys death really didnt seem to care. Being a huge Sublime fan, I was ferocious by their ignorance. Most of the time I heard people say that it was Bradleys fault for taking the drug in the first place, but I came to produce that it really wasnt his fault. Troy Nowell says in the VH1 documentary on Bradley that obviously the drug was "bigger than both of us (Bradley and Troy)". She said he hated what he was doing, and tried and true to stop numerous times, but the world is ignorant to the fact that this drug, heroin, is extremely physically addictive. Bud Gaugh, the drummer of Sublime, said he used to hug, sweat, and cry with Bradley during his fight with heroin. If it were his choice, Bradley wouldve stop using it, but heroin took a hold of his nerves and his entire body. W e need to remember the Bradley who gave us three absolutely impressive albums and a voice that stopped the world, not the one who s tuck needles in his arm. There is not a day that goes by that I dont think about him a good twelve hours during the day.

RIP Bradley Nowell :: essays research papers

-T hose of you who were fortunate enough to meet Bradley Nowell, saw a mankind who liked to smile and sing. He did these two things with the greatest of ease. The man we knew liked to pick up a guitar, not needles, but on the 25th of May in 1996, many of us were shocked by the discussion of his tragic death. Just seven days earlier, he married the beautiful Troy Dendekker. Things were lookin absolutely bright for him. It was rumored that he even woke up extra archean on the morning of his death to walk his dog on the beach because he felt just great to be living. Hours later after he woke up, he was found dead from a heroin overdose in his San Francisco motel room. W hat went wrong I thought to myself? I remember listening the news of his death on a local radio station. Ive been a Sublime fan since my senior year of high school. The single "Date scandalise" made the Chicago airwaves and I was hooked. I did a little research and I discovered that Bradley had been in and out of rehabilitation centers since 1992. Many pack that Ive talked to active Bradleys death really didnt seem to care. Being a huge Sublime fan, I was angered by their ignorance. Most of the time I heard people say that it was Bradleys fault for taking the drug in the first place, but I came to realize that it really wasnt his fault. Troy Nowell says in the VH1 documentary on Bradley that seemingly the drug was "bigger than both of us (Bradley and Troy)". She said he hated what he was doing, and tried to stop numerous times, but the world is ignorant to the incident that this drug, heroin, is extremely physically addictive. Bud Gaugh, the drummer of Sublime, said he used to hug, sweat, and cry with Bradley during his fight with heroin. If it were his choice, Bradley wouldve stopped using it, but heroin took a hold of his jumpiness and his entire body. W e need to remember the Bradley who gave us three absolutely spectacular albums and a voice that stopped the world, not the one who stuck needles in his arm. There is not a day that goes by that I dont think about him a good twelve hours during the day.

CASE STUDY: CISCO SYSTEM INC. Essay

Cisco Systems, Inc. is a leading supplier of communications and computer networking products, systems, and emoluments. It was founded in 1984 by Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner. The companys product line includes routers, switches, remote access devices, protocol translators, Internet services devices, and networking and network management software.Cisco serves three briny commercialize segments large organizations, including corporations, government entities, utilities, and educational institutions service providers, including Internet service providers, telephone and cable companies, and providers of wireless communications and exquisite and medium-sized businesses whose needs include operational networks, connecting to the Internet, and connecting with business partners. Increasingly, Ciscos products are appearing in the consumer marketplace. Cisco operates globally, deriving roughly 44 percent of its sales from overseas business.Challenges and Risks Faced in NPI1.Time-to-Market squashCisco had to launch the new product extremely quickly There is only one year for Cisco to launch the Viking product to market with low make up. Otherwise, the market share might loss. However, it is about 3 to 5 years for Cisco to launch a high-end product. To meet such tighten schedule, it is strident for Cisco team to perform a very collaborative operation and concurrent engineering in whole supply chain and NPI phase2.Cost PressureBandwidth prices were constantly falling and customer expected continuous improvements in price-performance on their equipment. The competitor keeps intensive discount on price. Cisco had to implement most cost effective-supply chain at launch and product design.3.Immense Technical ComplexityThe product router contained about 300,000 components, about 30 times more than in a small business router. How to successfully launch such a high complexity product in a low cost contract manufacturer same Foxconn requires Cisco monitor and cooperate with CM carefully.4.Outsourcing Production of Complex MachinesIn order to put all the pieces together with the highest quality, reliability and on-time performance required in the demanding service provider market. Cisco faced the challenges inherent to outsourcing production of such a complex machine, and therefore Cisco would have to work closely with the asserter to reduce production and supply chain risks.5.Continuous Cost Down Pressure from Emerging MarketCisco needed to ensure that router would be attractive to service providers worldwide. Emerging markets were the fastest-growing part of Ciscos business, which needed lower cost, so keeping the routers costs was important to its global success.

Legalising Prostitution: Debate, communication model and evaluation

Section 1 Group DiscussionThis percentage contains what was disputeed during group disputeion session. The general bea of injustice chosen for discussion was whoredom. Dubbed the oldest profession, thither was unanimous observation among group members that prostitution is still loathed in the society, and commercial sex workers, mostly women, are still interact with contempt within our society. The common notion about prostitution is that whilst men are often buyers of sex service from prostituting women, the latter are victims of growing. The term developing is used be defecate women who admit in prostitution are seen to be compelled to engage in commercial sexual activities against their entrust. Whilst the common fact is that women who engage in prostitution see it as a source of in make love, and participate in it with their full consent without coercion, we observed that it is quite effortful to convince a person whose whimsy is entrenched in the moral dimension of commercial sex work that it is a normal activity. The prejudice against women is also entrenched by the belief that women who engage in this trade are of lesser social standing, even though this is always not the case.The other common belief is that while women prostitutes are looked fine-tune upon, men do not suffer some(prenominal) form of prejudice. In other words, men are often seen as the exploiters of sex workers, and hence do not enjoy any fair share of prejudice. On the other hand, both men and women engaging in prostitution are seen as virtuously repugnant, hence the common prejudice that come with it.The debate to legalise prostitution or not has been in the public domain for quite some judgment of conviction now. But it is the increased attention that it has received in the new-made past that has invoked a lot of passionate debate in many legal jurisdictions as regards whether to legalise it or not. We whitethorn be all aware that one of the reasons why same-sex marri age has gained frequently currency today is because it is no longer viewed as socially unacceptable to the extent that it is not legal to hold gay couples in contempt in many countries. In recent past, it was not difficult to meet some strong views against marijuana user with some even believing that the latter were losers who should be kept at the periphery of the society. However, criticism over marijuana use has waned in the recent past because of the recent revelation that it could be used to treat so-and-socer. In addition, marijuana has also been used for distract relief for some time. This recent development has meant opposition to hunts to keep marijuana illegal is at an all-time low. However, the same layaboutnot be said about prostitution. The marking associated with the sex trade remains strong, with women and men engaging in it seen as socially ambiguous individuals without moral standing in society. This kind of idea butt promote dangerous conducts towards prost itutes. The fact that prostitutes are not regarded highly puts them at more risks to abuse including rape and murder. In addition, prostitutes are more likely to scale down sexually transmitted diseases, further endangering their lives.Decriminalising prostitution ordain not only protect women hardly will also improve their safety and their rights, because however much it is made illegal, the oldest profession is not likely to go away anytime.Section 2 Commentary and RationaleThis section will cover commentary on the topic and discuss it based on the chosen model of communication, the heuristic- overbearing model. The debate on whether to legalise prostitution or not has intensified in the recent past, with voices advocating for the latter increasing in number every day. Its no doubt that the stigma associated with prostitution is real, and remains strong amidst the growing knowledge that it will not stop any time soon. This is despite the rising proof that decriminalising the t rade has some signifi quartert health benefits. Research by two economists, Scott Cunningham and Manisha Shah (cited in Albarracin, et al., 2005, p. 78), looked at the situation in Rhodes Island when prostitution was accidentally decriminalised and found that cases of gonorrhoea had drastically reduced, as rape incidences. . Shannon et al. (2004, cited in Griffin, 2006, p.139) also confirmed this result when they conducted a study in Vancouver, British Colombia, and found out that decriminalising of prostitution can significantly reduce HIV prevalence by minimising its spread.Despite all the evidence showing the benefits of legalising prostitution, the benefits have not draw offed the attention of the legislators. . In addition, many have argued that idea of legalising prostitution is unattractive to voters and therefore to politicians. There is need to focus on presenting careens that provide options to the intended audience on the need to legalise abortion, and that is where the model for persuasive communication will be necessary in the subsequent section of this paper.The Heuristic-Systematic Model of Social Information Processing The concept of persuasion is an important aspect to not only convincing the tribe to accept an idea but also to drive changes of mind towards the accomplishment of the idea. The Heuristic-Systematic Model (Chaiken & Trope, 1999) greets that spate either use heuristics and short-cuts to decide on important issues, or use a taxonomical mechanism that processes the merits and demerits of an argument. The Heuristic approach suggests that the decision-maker asks questions such as of how do I feel about this issue? despite the recognition that such questions can cause problems of understanding and choice, particularly when the person facing the decision dilemma mixes up the cause and the effect of their emotions. In other words, the Heuristic-Systematic Model realises that in any argument there are a number of variables that are conceptually independent of the message quality and which are likely to influence plurality to act or agree with the proposed idea. Dillard & Pfau (2002) state that that these variables are able to qualitatively differentiate information processing, and give people more room to negotiate with their thinking process.It is important to recognise that people rarely process information in perfect conditions, because there are often environmental and cognitive constraints that tend to either limit the immenseness of reasoning or curtail information processing. In this line of thought, people tend to process information economically investing only in cognitive efforts when they feel motivated enough with a number of cognitive resources. In the prostitution decriminalisation debate, this can be said to affect that the way people reason, that is, arguments are likely to be based on strong environmental and cognitive influences entrenched by history, personal interest or fear, religious a nd heathen convictions. For instance, some arguments have emerged that prostitution should remain illegal because legalising it will mean women of loose ethical motive will increasingly tempt men of good morals to increasingly stray their families. This kind of argument tends to make out that women who engage in prostitution are the villains. The other belief is that women who engage in prostitution should be protected from being hurt against sexually transmitted diseases, unruly pimps, and exploitation. The other argument would only be based on religion and historical cultural practices that prohibits prostitution as a trade. The three lines of arguments are motivated by different lines of thought, which can fall in either heuristic or systematic message processing mechanism.Ironically, the arguments against prostitution which include the view that women of loose morals prey upon upstanding men of good morals and lead them to betray their families has been accepted in some count ries such as Sweden, which in 1999, criminalised the buying of sex but allowed individuals to continue selling it (Dillard & Pfau, 2002). Many proponents of this legislation argued that violence against prostituting in women is inherent, and that the best way was to reduce prostitution prevalence by limiting activities of the potential buyers. On the other hand, the State of Nevada, United States legalised prostitution to protect women from exploitation and abuse (Taleb, 2012).The Heuristic- Systematic model posits that people generally process persuasive information systematically only when they are fully motivated. When one is in a systematic mode, they tend to take into consideration all relevant pieces of information, elaborately analyse the information, and make a judgment based on the elaborated issues. However, whenever people are not adequately motivated or do not possess sufficient cognitive resources, they often resort to processing of information heuristically or superfic ially. People in a heuristic mode of thinking consider only a few or a single informational cue and come up a judgment based on the cues. Whilst decriminalising or legalising prostitution has attracted massive debate, its inability to pass the legislative hurdle or even attract attention of the political class has been overbearing for its proponents. In other words, legalising of sex trade has not been high amongst the priorities of many legislative agendas for many countries, including United country and United States (Taleb, 2012).The reason why the Heuristic- Systematic model can work towards pushing for the legalisation of prostitution is because of its dualism nature, which allows the message to reach different classes of people. The goal here is to get support for legislation that would see prostitution decriminalised, and protect the parties involved. . Expert advice backed by research findings are powerful tool to convince legislators, who may not take their time to scrutin ise the quality of persuasive arguments, and mostly prefer quick fixes in making decisions. Packaging a message heuristically can allow the legislators to pick the cue, and avoid the difficult process of differentiating a strong and a weak message (Griffin, 2006).Reimer, et al (2004, p.81) observe that people who expect to discuss a persuasion message later are more affected by the number of persuasive arguments but are never affected by the attractiveness of the communicator. It is presumed that the importance of the message easily induce systematic processing of the message. By contrast, people who do not expect to discuss the message are often affected by how attractive the communicator is, and not affected by the number of persuasive arguments (Reimer, et al, 2004). Studies have proven that motivational variables affect the mode in which people process persuasive arguments. These variables include personal relevance of the message, importance of the task, attitude accountability and exposure to a persons attitude (Chaiken & Trope, 1999). On the other hand, there are cognitive resource variables that affect the mode of message processing, which includes distraction, repetition of the message, creating time pressure, and modality of communication, knowledge and expertise (Griffin, 2006). Although it is important to recognise these modes of communicating the message in terms of communicating the value of legalising prostitution, it should not appear as though there is any form of dissociation of the variables at the early stage of the group means (Griffin, 2006). Similarly, heuristically communicating the message should be able to have direct effects on the attitudes of the target group. In this aspect, when the people agree in a consensus that prostitution should be legalised, then it can be considered correct and valid for acceptance. An important factor which should be covered by any dual-process model is how the two processes interact or work together. A lthough one may argue that the two processes, heuristic and systematic are mutually sole(a) or are competing concepts, in this case of legalising prostitution they should work together. The Heuristic-Systematic model posits that the two processes, heuristic and systematic, are indeed working simultaneously. Evidence of how these two processes can work is when arguments pitting two judgmental implications of both of them. For instance, an expert source delivering a message consisting of weak arguments can present a scenario where both systematic and heuristic processing of messages is done under different levels of motivation. It is also important to note that the heuristic-systematic model attenuates that wherever the two processes opposes each other, the implications the comes from systematic processing can easily attenuate the impact of heuristic precondition that people are sufficiently motivated. For example, Griffin, (2006).found out those highly motivated participants who we re presented with consensus cue information that is inconsistent with the attributes singularly based their judgments on their own cognitive prowess in relation to the product attributes. This concept is applicable in the case of prostitution legalisation debate, in the sense that legislators can use their own cues and decide on the legislative agendas that will legalise commercial sex work. Section 3 Evaluation design Evaluating heuristic- systematic model effectiveness is an important part of this models success towards ensuring the message to legalise prostitution is effectively passed. Effective communications ask evaluation, which helps to identify the impact of the efforts made in passing the message to the target audience. To effectively monitor the communication model, various tools shall be used in the process. universe opinion evaluationGetting the opinions of the public as far as legalising prostitution is concerned is an important point to start from. Public opinion mo nitor tool will be used to ask the public if they heard about the campaign to legalise prostitution from opinion leaders including legislators and non-governmental organisations. In addition, the questions will be directed to ask the public whether they agree with the manner in which legislators in support of the prostitution presented their messages or agreed with them in the context and reasons given by the leaders. For example, questions such as Whose arguments made sense in the call to legalise prostitutionAnd whyThe questionnaire trackers will be recorded in terms of age, gender, work status, tenacity. The methodology to be used will remain consistent over time to allow for the tracking of metrics over time for comparison purposes.Evaluating mediaEvaluating the media response on how effective the proposed model will work, the formal process for evaluating the impact of the campaign in the media is to analyse whether it can be replicated and made part of regular campaign mechan ism.Media Coverage Before Campaign (airtime/space) Coverage After Campaign (airtime/ space) % Increase in Coverage BBC National News BBC capital of the United Kingdom ITV National News London Tonight Evening Standard Metro Radio 4 TimesThe table above will provide a guideline on how the media reportage has increased/ or decreased due to the campaign. This will be able to help bring depth to the understanding of our campaign, and if the media (both mainstream and tabloids) respond to increased debate. By monitor how the media has changed the amount of airtime/ or newspaper coverage space in covering the legislative debates, it is possible to analyse the outcome of the campaign in ensuring the legislators continually discuss the possibility of decriminalising or legalising prostitution. The media monitoring will be conducted by assistants on everyday basis, and compiled in a weekly report for tracking if there is any change in trends. Each article or piece of broadcast coverage will b e allocated points based on the following criteria Positivity/ negativeness of the message (in favour of legalising prostitution) analysing the articles, opinions, newspaper columns and news coverage. Positivity/ negativity of the headlines positive mentions of the campaign groups, legislators and Neutrality of opinions reported Finally, a range of stories will be typically evaluated and compiled on a daily basis, and tabulated on a weekly basis. Classification of stories will ensure the campaign program can be understood in the manner in which the media responds to the legislative debates, which is likely to translate into public debate as well.ReferencesAlbarracin, D., Johnson, B. T., & Zanna, M. P. (2005). The handbook of attitudes.Mahwah, N.J Lawrence Erlbaum Associates PublishersChaiken, S., & Trope, Y. (1999). Dual-process theories in social psychology. New York Guilford Press.Dillard, J.P. & Pfau, M. (2002). The persuasion Handbook Developments in Theory and Practice. NY Sage Publications.Griffin, E. A. (2006). A first look at communication theory (6th ed.). Boston, MA McGraw Hill.Reimer, T., Mata, R & Stoecklin, M. (2004). The use of Heuristics in Persuasion Deriving Cues on Source Expertise from Argument Quality. In Current Research in Social Psychology, 10(6), 69-83.Taleb, N. (2012). Antifragile Things That Gain from Disorder. New York Random House.

Jupiter, Creon and Oedipus: The Idea of Fatherhood in the Context of Patriarchy Essay

IntroductionProbing into Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus by Sophocles and Metamorphoses by Ovid, this authorship will discuss the region of the dumbfound, their similarities, and how fatherhood affects the actions of a character. Suffice it to say that an inquiry into the fathers role in the texts necessitates an understanding of the context within which the stories were produced. In this way, we are given an ample framework to understand the roots that influenced such characterizations.Written around the period Christ was believed to have been born, Oedipus the King and Metamorphoses have at its immediate context of production the era of male rule in Greece, we have the polis or city-states and in Italy, we have the Roman Empire. Hence, the socio-political climate at the time Sophocles and Ovid wrote their oeuvres is no doubt male dominated.However, it cannot be denied that the beauty of their works rests on the fact that they have managed to go against the dominant att itude of their time. Also, through their very portrayal of patriarchy the texts are adequate to(p) to foreground its instances. In this sense, the affirmation of the fathers role in the stories reinstate the image of patriarchy yet at the similar time, this can also be read as an opening to critique it. The mention of patriarchy thus enables a reading that is critical against and cognizant of patriarchys operations.Law of the fatherIn Book I of Metamorphoses, one may clearly see how the dominant role of the father operates through the actions of Jupiter, who is able to pursue any woman he wants by virtue of his position as a god. As a father and king of heaven, Jupiters role was portrayed by Ovid not in a manner that fits into the current view of what a good god and father should be. Contrary to present daytime constructions of an immaculate God and responsible father, Jupiter is lustful, impetuous, violent and a womanizer. Among his actions, which are mostly disastrous, what i mmediately strike us as violent is Jupiters sexual kindred with the women he desires Io, Callisto, Europa and Semele to name but a few.In Book I, Jupiter rapes Io which causes the later to bear a boy, Epaphus. Interesting in this scene is Jupiters concern around Junos possible discovery of this rape. In a way, Jupiters concern signifies his fear of his wife. Yet, this fear is not enough to keep him from lusting for other women.By bout Io into a bull, Jupiter articulates the male perspective towards woman that has been attacked by feminists especially during the advent of the 1960s. Clearly, Jupiter treats women as commodities that he can dispose after he has done pleasuring himself with them. For Jupiter, it is pert whether he sires a electric shaver or not with contrary woman. Jupiters caprice of fatherhood depends not on the idea of having a family and nurturing a child but on his desire to sleep with any woman he wants.Jupiters idea of fatherhood depends on his sexual es capades that must remain terra incognita to his wife Juno. Recall that after raping Io, Jupiter turns her into a bull so as to hide her true identity from Juno. However, when things did not go as planned, Jupiter was more than involuntary to go an extra mile, that is, he can even kill so as to contain the threat of revelation. And so he commanded Mercury to kill Argos so as to keep Juno from finding out about Io.Also recall that after raping Callisto, a follower of Diana, Jupiter transforms her into a bear and then into a constellation. In the process of this transformation, Callisto was not given agency to decide for herself. The case of Callisto and Io, among others, testifies to the manner by which Jupiter treats women. In Jupiters relationship with women, we clearly see the workings of patriarchy, a system that depends on the whim of the all-powerful god Jupiter. His actions as god are equated with the Law itself. This immunity to punishment informs his actions to the female c haracters whom he could rape and impress as he pleases. His role as a father does not rest then on his desire to have children per se. The numerous children Jupiter has are in fact consequences of his primary desire to sleep with different woman.The Blinded Father and the TyrantIn Oedipus the King, the role of Oedipus as a father and king has a certain similarity with that of Jupiter yet in the final analysis, the ii are completely different. As king of Thebes, Oedipus enjoys a relatively opportune position on the nose like Jupiter. However, the striking difference between them is the fact that Oedipus is a mortal while Jupiter is god. Unlike Jupiter, Oedipus does not have the luxury to do whatever he pleases since he is bound by his ominous destine. While Jupiter has the power to decide for himself, Oedipus on the other hand can only limit his choices within the fate endowed to him. Oedipuss role as father to Ismene and Antigone differs in great degrees from Jupiters role as f ather. We see Oedipus love for his children in different cases in twain Oedipus the king and Oedipus at Colonus . At the end of Oedipus the king, Oedipus asks his brother Creon to take care of his two daughters, and this exemplifies his concern for them. Blinded and destroyed, Creon still thought of the welfare of his two daughters. In Oedipus at Colonus on the other hand, we see how Oedipus refuses to side with any of his sons who have become greedy for power. Among the characters in the Theban plays of Sophocles, we can say that the father figure who has greater similarity with Jupiter is Creon. Like Jupiter, Creon cares greatly for his own self. This, as we know, has been the cause of his downfall. After Oedipus exile, Creon rules Thebes in a totalitarian manner no citizen or even family-member could oppose any of his rules. Due to this, not only did Creon alienate the citizens but also his own family. Although Jupiter and Creon are similar in the sense that both rule based on t heir own whims, they differ in that Jupiter did not have to suffer any consequences for his actions. Creon is a tragic persona in antediluvian patriarch Greek drama who suffers grave repercussions for his hubris or excessive degree of pride. Hubris harbors the illusion that ones actions could not entail a disastrous consequence or nemesis. In the case of Creon, the nemesis of his actions is the death of his own son and wife. Creon had been more concerned about his role as a ruler than a father. This makes his sons death a very painful experience since it also entails the shattering of Creons illusion as an omnipotent creation. As a father, he loved his son tremendously. Yet it was too late when he realized that his idea of fatherhood has all along been distorted. The price he had to pay for being more passionately attached to his position as king is the death of the two persons who were more valuable than his crown.ConclusionThe ideas of fatherhood in Metamorphosis and the Theban plays of Sophocles are constructed within the context of patriarchy. This makes the idea of fatherhood strongly related to the power of men. In the case of Creon and Jupiter, the idea of fatherhood is cast a different light since the two characters are more concerned with their role as rulers than as fathers to their own children.Oedipus, in opposition to Creon and Jupiter, is the one who was able to provide an idea of fatherhood that entails a concern for his children. Although Oedipus, Creon and Jupiter share as common ground their powerful position within a patriarchal society, their ideas of fatherhood have different characteristics and tendencies.

Omar Rodriguez-Lopez Essay

When I say Omar Rodriguez-Lopez, what comes to mind? To most of you new age listeners, absolutely nothing, bonny Spanish guy name, moreover to all of you in touch musical geniuses, only one word clouds your brain. Volta. The mars Volta is an Avant garde progressive rock group, who at times may not make sense with words, but completely and utterly make up for it with insane riffs, original scales and crazy drum segments. Omar is the guitarist and founder of the mars Volta he is also the main claim writer. Omar has incorporated guitar into his world and career ever since he was twelve year old, starting off with a bass. When he turned fifteen, he claimed he involve more strings and switched to a guitar, this decision changed his life forever.Omar was born on September first 1975 in Puerto Rico, although he grew up in El Paso Texas, and dog-tired much time in South California. He attended high school in El Paso at Coronado where he met his future band mates. In my eyes, Omar is a m usical genius I mean have you ever listened to lvia lviaquez? Boom, starts off straight with pure riff, of course the Spanish lyrics summarize to the awesomeness of it, but this guy is a genius. His music never gets boring, ten minute long songs, anthems if you will, theyre long, but not too long, never repeat a scale or rhythm, but you can still hum the chorus, perfect? I think so.Once Omar realized he was an artist, he did more than just play in a band and write music, he decided to write films, including music for the soundtracks. His first film was called the sentimental engine slayer, which was played in numerous theatres, he was good at this indeed, but his true calling obviously lies in the world of fret boards and fender amps. Omar is actually a vauntingly fan of Ibanez guitars, his first two were custom, then Ibanez decided to make him his own, which is available for purchase. Omar lives a low radar life, and loves it. He is inspiring to many, including me, the ways he in corporates and uses guitar in his life.

The Shortage of Educationally Prepared Nursing Faculty

The Shortage of Educationally Prepared breast feeding Faculty The nation is in remove of a sufficient Registered nurse supply. The adequacy of this supply is critical in providing quality wellness care. An integral role of Registered nurses (RNs) and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) in primary care delivery helps to bring contract to the nations health care systems of patients and communities. The United States estimated famine of nurses will grow to 260,000 by 2025, unreassuring the nations health care delivery systems (American Nurses Association, 2011).The widespread of attention toward the growing need of nurses in the United States presents decreased awareness on the focus of nurse strength shortages (National confederacy of Nursing, 2010). Although active treat numbers are growing, state, and national projections predict care for shortages will cast up as the population ages and requires more(prenominal) care, and practicing nurses, in large numbers, beg in to retire. Without coordinated statewide actions addressing the growing problem of faculty shortages, United States citizens will continue to face severe nurse shortages (National League of Nursing, 2010).Nursing faculty is intertwined with the current national shortage of nurses (American Nurses Association, 2011). Issues and Influencing Factors Some of the main issues affecting nursing shortages are the worsening of shortages of faculty in academic environments, damaging nursing professions infrastructure in edcation. Ninety-four percent of academic health centers believe faculty shortages arrive in at least one medical school, and 69% agree that these faculty shortages are an issue for institutions abroad.The majority have identified nurse faculty shortages as the highest in demand followed by allied health, pharmacy, and medical specialty (National League of Nursing, 2010). The limitation of student capacities is growing across the country in relation to nurse faculty short ages. Influencing factors contributing to these shortages involve aging faculty, budget constraints, the work load of full- cadence nurse educators in non-administrative positions statement in either pre-licensure RN or graduate-level RN programs, competing salaries among employers in medical facilities versus universities, and recruitment (American Nurses Association, 2011).Recruitment of qualified new faculty is limited of masters and doctoral programs with a focus on nursing education akin the underrepresentation of minority groups, inadequate faculty compensation, and workplace issues like employee workload, clinical scheduling, student attitudes, and abilities, and cultural issues (American Nurses Association, 2011).According to the American Nurses Association (2011), United States nursing schools turned away 75,587 qualified applicants from baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs in 2011 from lacking(p) faculty numbers, clinical sites, classroom space, clinical precept ors, and budget constraints (Scope of the Nursing Faculty shortage). One other contributing factor is salary differences. According the Maryland comprehensive Commission on the Crisis in nursing (2005), The average salary for a practicing nurse with an advanced degree is $80,000, but a nursing faculty atom makes about $50,000.The starting salary for a full-time faculty member at a Maryland school of nursing is approximately equal to that of a new graduate from an associate-degree or baccalaureate nursing program beginning as a full-time staff nurse. Given the appendageal education, masters degree in nursing at minimum, and the experience required for a faculty position, this disparity in salary seems inequitable (p. 2). Shortage Challenges, Strategies, and Consequences A challenge to decrease the growing shortage of nurses is to enhance opportunities for nursing faculty in addition to faculty profits in a apropos manner.Countering strategies toward nurse faculty shortages need to gain a focus on various educational methods within institutions like retaining senior faculty, and recruitment of new faculty in a timely manner in collaboration with anticipated retirements. National prospects suggest the initiation of a new motivation tool that launches new educational and research fostering with focuses on doctoral studies early in nursing careers with added musical accompaniment (Hinshaw, 2001). The consequence of a non-functioning solution to the problem will continue to contribute to nursing shortages placing the health care arena in jeopardy of poor health care delivery.The decrease of nurses has major consequences on preparing for emergencies, quality health care, the safety of patients, access to health care services, and growth of the economy (The Center for Health and Health Care in Schools, 2006). More nurses will resume other avenues of employment, in addition to an increase of workload burnout. Recommendations Schools of Nursing, nursing schools educational institutions, and nursing professions need to evaluate old strategies and develop new and creative solutions for decreasing the shortage of nursing faculty (Hinshaw, 2001). A strong passport is retaining productive senior faculty.Academic administrators and faculty should evaluate new solutions for retaining senior faculty skills as they enter the retirement phase. Strategies suggested and true should include methods based on the respect held for the expertise of senior faculty members on the needs of the nursing program as new junior faculty are recruited (Hinshaw, 2001). According to Hinshaw (2001), examples of recommendations include senior faculty to develop, and share new experiences, offer phased retirement plans, establish intellectual homes like Centers of Excellence based on research, and provide service components to retain senior faculty.Timing for replacement of senior faculty incorporates a specific strategy of preplanning. A widely apply strategy used is to negotiate a loanword from nursing program parent institutions. The loans are paid back as senior faculty retires. The major benefit of this loan program is it permits for the recruitment of new faculty as the experienced senior faculty is in place, providing several years for mentoring relationships between the dickens groups.Such a cell of new and senior faculty can also build a strong climate for teaching mastery, research programs, and sponsorship into leadership positions in the profession because time is available for the new individuals to develop in a more comfortable, less stressed environment. At the same time, the expertise of the senior faculty is respected, and acknowledged. Another recommendation is to increase faculty salaries in comparison to clinical salaries. Currently in that location is more than a 20 thousand dollar difference between the two masters of nursing professions, which also complicates recruitment of nursing faculty.According to American Nurses As sociation (2011), The average salary of a nurse practitioner, across settings and specialties, is $ $91,310. By contrast, in March 2011, masters prepared faculty earned an annual average salary of $72,028 (Factors contributing to the Faculty Shortage). Because the United States is economically challenged, increased salaries for higher educated nursing professionals may steer him or her toward faculty employment. Last, a resolution to gaining more nurses to consider faculty positions is to introduce academics early in his or her nursing career. Incorporating teaching throughout Associate Degree programs nd higher will appeal a more viable career option toward academic nursing. Economic Investments The nursing shortage detrimentally has damaged the health care system. Studies have revealed that nursing shortages contribute to non-desirable patient outcomes, medication errors, and an increase in mortality rates. Inadequate staffing issues were cerebrate to increased patient mortality (American Nurses Association, 2011). Researchers have identified that federal investments in nursing education is needed. Hospitals and other medication institutions need to support educating future nurses and increase nurse efficiency.There is a need for innovative pathways in education toward bachelor and graduate studies in nursing in addition to incentives for recruitment of nursing faculty. Families and surround communities need to recognize the effects of nursing care has on the quality and safety of health care and be prepared to assist with funds to support the need for higher education. The public should become involved with an understanding that united is a stand, and divided the country shall fall in addition to taking a stand to demand better care of growing communities with longer lifespans.Conclusion Shortages of nursing faculty, placements in clinical settings, and nursing program classrooms report each year in every state in the congressional district report denying qualified candidates to nursing schools (National League of Nursing, 2010). Rising factors affecting the nursing shortage is wages. Wages for nurses compared to aside wages have grown dramatically but still lag behind other health care professionals with equal education. Although many strategies have been initiated, there is no one strategy, or solution to the ongoing issue of a need for roughly 800,000 nurses needed by 2020 (American Nurses Association, 2011).Until communities, governments, hospitals, and other medical institutions, in addition to nursing programs take a united stand in promoting the future of quality health care, the United States will continue to experience a shortage in nursing. The key to producing qualified nurses is to employ more qualified faculty. A solution to this promotion should start within early nursing programs with teaching as a focus. This will help future nurses to admire the importance of helping patients in addition to helping new nurses grow i n the nursing practice. References American Nurses Association. (2011). Nurse Faculty Shortages.Retrieved October 07, 2012, from American Nurses Association http//www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/nursing-faculty-shortage Hinshaw, A. (2001, January 31). A Continuing Challenge The Shortage of Educationally Prepared Nursing Faculty. Retrieved October 07, 2012, from The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 6(1). disseminated multiple sclerosis 3. Available http//www. nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ThePracticeofProfessionalNursing/workforce/NursingShortage/Resources/ShortageofEducationalFaculty. html Maryland Statewide Commission on the Crisis in Nursing. (2005, September 02). Nursing Faculty Shortage .Retrieved October 07, 2012, from Maryland Board of Nursing http//www. mbon. org/commission/nsg_faculty_shortage. pdf National League of Nursing. (2010, February). 2010 NLN Nurse Educator Shortage Fact Sheet. Retrieved October 07, 2012, from National League of Nursing http//www. nln. org/governmentaffairs/pdf/nursefacultyshortage. pdf The Center for Health and Health Care in Schools. (2006, September). Thoughts on a Nursing Shortage. Retrieved October 08, 2012, from The Center for Health and Health Care in Schools http//www. healthinschools. org/News-Room/EJournals/Volume-7/Number-9/Thoughts-on-a-Nursing-Shortage. aspx

Chopper Fed Dc Motor

INTRODUCTION During the nineteenth century, when fountain supply was dc, dc takes were used extensively to draw power direct from the dc source. The force zip up could be varied by adjusting bowl current by a rheostat. That was an open loop contain. Most of the drives were invariant zipper and the characteristics could not be matched with a job requirement. A vast development in the dc drives system took place when the ward Leonard Control System was introduced in the 1980s. The system was motor-generator system to forfeit power to the drive motor.The supply power available was still dc and dc motor was used to drive the dc generator set at a more or less constant upper. Afterwards when the ac power system came into existence and became popular, ac motors were developed and became attractive owing to their constructional simplicity, harshness and lower initial as well as maintenance cost. Machine requiring variable speed drives use the ward Leonard System employing ac mot ors driving dc motors at a constant speed. In the 1950s electronic came into existence and brought about remarkable improvement in the speed control system.The open- loop manual(a) control system was replaced by close loop banquetback control, which resulted in improved response and better accuracy. ab initio, gas diodes and ignitrons were developed and ac to dc converters were used to control dc motors. The advent of thyristors capable of handling hulking current has revolutionized the field of electric power control. Thyratrons, ignitrons, mercury spark rectifiers, magnetic amplifiers and motor generator sets break all been replaced by solid state circuits employing semi-conductor diodes and thyristors.Thyristor controlled drives employing both ac and dc motors find wide applications in industry as variable speed drives. In the 1960s ac power was converted into dc power for direct control of drive motors with solid state devices (high power silicon diodes and silicon control led rectifiers). Initially saturable reactors were employed in conjunction with power silicon rectifiers for dc drives. Of late solid state circuits using semi- conductor diodes and thyristors atomic number 18 becoming popular for dictatorial the speed of ac and dc otors and are progressively replacing the t raditional electric power control circuit based on thyratrons, ignitrons, mercury arc rectifiers, magnetic amplifiers, motor-generator sets, etc as compared to the electric and electro- mechanized systems of speed control. The electronic system has higher(prenominal) accuracy, considerableer reliability, and quick response and also has higher efficiency as on that point is no I2R losses and moving parts. Moreover four-quadrant speed control is possible to meet precise high standards. All electronic circuits control the speed of the motor by controlling either, ?The potency applied to the motor armature or ? The field current or ? Both of the above DC motors can be run low from dc supply if available or from ac supply, by and by it has been converted to dc supply with the help of rectifiers which can be either half beckon or full wave and either controlled ( by varying the conduction angle of the thyristors used) or undisciplined. AC motors can be run on the ac supply or from dc supply, after it has been converted into ac supply with the help of inverters (opposite of rectifiers).As stated above, the average output electromotive force of a thyristors controlled rectifiers by changing its conduction angle and hence the armature voltage can be adjusted to control its speed. When run on a dc supply, the armature dc voltage can be changed with the help of uncontrolled rectifiers (using only diodes and not thyristors). The dc voltages so obtained can be then chopped with the help of a thyristors meat cleaver circuit. In this method of speed control of a dc motor, available ac supply is first rectified into dc supply using uncontrolled rectifiers. The supply is then filtered and smooth ended dc output is supplied to the thyristors eggwhisk.It allows dc to flow through for the time Ton and then disconnects for the time Toff. This cycle is repeated. During supply-on outcome (i. e. for the time occlusion Ton) the dc motor gets supply and accelerates. During the supply off period Toff (i. e. for the time period Toff) there is no supply to the motor and the motor decelerates till the next on cycle begins. If the cycles repeated continuously at a definite frequency and the elements of the cycle are maintained in a fixed relationship, the motor will then operate at a constant voltage across the motor will be,V0 = (V*Ton)/(Ton +Toff) = (V*Ton)/T = f*V*Ton The dc voltage across the motor can be control by varying the Time Ratio Control (TRC) which whitethorn be accomplished by, ? Varying the duration of the on-time, Ton keeping the total time period, T or frequency, f constant ? Keeping the on- time, Ton constant and varying the frequ ency, f. ? Varying both. The Variable dc voltage to a lower place the supply dc voltage is made available to the dc motor and therefore, the motor speed available is below base speed.For automatic control of speed, both current feedback and speed feedback is used. BRIEF DISCUSSION ON CHOPPER A dc chopper is a static device used to obtain variable dc voltage from a source of constant dc voltage. The dc chopper offers great efficiency, faster response, smooth control, lower maintenance, small size, etc. Solid state chopper delinquent to various advantages are widely used in the onslaught operated vehicles, traction motor control, control of a large number of dc motors from a common dc bus with a considerable improvement of power factor.PRINCIPLE OF CHOPPER OPERATION A chopper is a thyristors on/ off switch that connects load to and disconnects it from the supply and produces a chopped load voltage from a constant input voltage. The chopper is represented by a thyristors (SCR). It i s triggered periodically and is kept conducting for a period Ton and is blocked for a period Toff. During the period Ton, when the chopper is on, the supply terminals is connected to the load terminals. And during the interval Toff when the chopper is off, load current flows from the freewheeling diode Df.So, the load terminals are hapless circuited by Df and load voltage is therefore zero during Toff. Hence the chopper dc voltage is produced at the load terminals. Now, the average load voltage, Eo is given by Eo = Edc*? ? =Duty Cycle=(Ton/Toff) Or, Eo = Edc*(Ton/T) T=Ton + Toff So the voltage can be varied by varying the duty cycle, ? of the chopper. CLASSIFICATION OF CHOPPER Power semiconducting material devices are used in chopper circuits are uni-directional device. A chopper can however operate in either of the four quadrants by an confiscate ar meanderment of semiconductor devices.These characteristics of their operation in any of the four quadrants form the basis of their classification as, 1. Type-A or First Quadrant Chopper 2. Type-B or arc siemensond Quadrant Chopper. 3. Type-C or Two Quadrant Type-A Chopper 4. Type-D or Two Quadrant or Type-B Chopper 5. Type-E or Four Quadrant Chopper. PERFORMANCE equality OF DC MOTORS The equivalent circuit and on its basis the performance equation of a separately-excited dc Motor and series dc motor are presented below. ? Separately-excited dc motorThe equivalent circuit of a separately-excited dc motor coupled with a load under steady state condition is shown in the public figure 4. 1. The load torque, TL opposes the electro-magnetic torque, Te. For the field circuit, Vf = If*rf For the armature circuit, Vt = Ia + Ia*ra Motor back emf or armature emf, Ea=Ka ? Ia=Km? m (4. 1) Te=ka ? Ia = KmIa Also, Te = D wm + TL where, rf= theater circuit resistance in ohm, Ia=Armature current in A, Vt=Motor terminal voltage in V, ra=Armature circuit resistance in ohm, Km=Ka ?=Torque constant in Nm/A*emf constant in V-se c/rad, m=Angular speed of motor in rad/sec, D=Viscous friction constant in Nm-sec/rad. Electromagnetic power, P=wmTe watts From equation (1), Ea=Kmwm=Vt-Iara Or wm= (Vt Iara)/Km= (Vt Iara)/Ka ? (4. 1) So it is seen from equation (4. 2) that speed can be controlled by varying, ? Armature terminal voltage, Vt This method is known as Armature-voltage control. Speed below base speed is obtained by this method. ? Field flux, ? This method is known as Field flux control. Speed above base speed is obtained by this method. ? DC series MotorIn a dc series motor, field wind is in series with the armature circuit. It is designed to carry the rated armature current. The fig. shows the equivalent circuit of a dc series motor driving load with load torque, TL. For the armature circuit, Vt = Ea + Ia ( ra+ rs ) .. (4. 3) Te = Ka ? Ia For no saturation in the magnetic circuit, ? = CIa Hence, Te = KaCIa2 = KIa2 Also, Ea = Ka ? wm = KaCIawm = KIawm From eqn (4. 3), Vt = KIawm + Ia (ra + rs) = I a Kwm + (ra + rs) Or, speed wm = (Vt/ KIa) (ra +rs)/K . (4. 4) where, rs = Series field resistance in ohm,K = KaC = constant in Nm/A2 or in V-sec/ A- rad. CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF CHOPPER FED DC MOTOR For practical purposes motors are required to operate at coveted speed with low losses to meet the desired load torque characteristics which depends on the armature current. Suppose a motor is operating at a point speed an suddenly a load is applied, the speed falls and the motors takes time to come up to the desired speed . but a speed feed back with an inner current loop provides faster response to any disturbance in speed miss ,load torque and supply voltage.Another actor for the requirement of feedback loop in dc drives is that, the armature of a large motor represents very small impedance which when supplied with nominal voltage would result in an overweening current of up to 10 times the nominal value. Under normal conditions, this is prevented by the induced armature volta ge, E which cancels most of the applied voltage, Va so that only the struggle is driving the armature current, Ia. But under transient conditions or steady state over load of the motor, there is always a danger of excessive currents due to sudden torque demand and rapidly changing armature voltage or speed . t is therefore important to provide a fast current or torque limit to protect the motor, the power supply and the load. This is best realized by feedback control establishing an effective safe guard against electrical and mechanical stresses. In it the output of the speed controller, Ec is applied to the current limiter which sets the reference current, Ia (reference) for the current loop. the armature current is sensed by a current sensor, after being filtered by an active filter to remove ripples which is then compared with the reference current, Ia (ref. the shift current is processed through a current controller whose output, Vc adjusts the flame angle of the chopper and brings the motor speed to the desired value. Any positive speed error caused by an increased in either speed command or load torque demand can produce a high reference current, Ia (ref) the motor accelerates to correct the speed error and finally settles mass at any reference current, Ia(ref) which makes the motor torque equal to the load torque resultant in a speed error closed to zero.For any large positive speed error, current limiter saturates and limits the reference currents, Ia (ref) to a maximum value, Ia (max) the speed error is then corrected at the maximum permissible armature current ,Ia(max)until the speed error becomes small and the current limiters comes out of the saturation . normally ,the speed error is corrected with the Ia less than the maximum permissible armature current, Ia max. For speeds below the base speeds, the field error, Ef is large and the field controller saturates thereby applying the maximum ield voltage and current. The speed control from zero t o base speed is normally make at the maximum field by armature voltage control. When the speed is closed to the base speed, Va is almost near the rated value and field controller comes out of saturation. The speed control above base speed is generally done by field weakening at the rated armature voltage. In the field control loop, the back emf Eb is compared with a reference voltage , Eb (ref) the value of which is generally between 0. 85 to 0. 95 of the rated armature voltage.For a speed command above the base speed, the speed error causes a higher value of Va then motor accelerates, back emf , Eb increases and field error, Ef decreases. The field current when decreases and the motor speed continue to increase until it reaches the desired speed. In this mode of operation, the drive responds slowly due to large field time constant. A full converter is generally used in the field because it has the ability to reverse the voltage thereby reducing the field current much faster as com pared to the semi converter.MODELING AND OBSERVATIONS ? theoretical account using Matlab ? DC Motor with Load Parameter given Voltage = 220v Current = 6. 2A Ra = 4 ohm La = 0. 072H Speed = 1470 rpm J = 0. 0607 kg-m2 Kb= 1. 26v/rad/sec Bt =0. 0869N-m/rad/sec Parameters calculated Ta=La/Ra= 0. 02sec Tm=j/Bt =0. 7sec K1 = Bt/KB2 + Ra Bt =0. 0449 -1/T1 1/T2 =-1/2Bt/J +Ra/La + sqre1/4(Bi/J + Ra/La)2-(Kb2 + Ra Bt ) /JLa T1 = 0. 1077sec T2 = 0. 0208sec Tm = J/Bt = 0. 7sec DC MotorTransfer function I(s)/V(s) =k1(1+sTm)/ (1+sT1)(1+sT2)= 0. 032s+0. 045/0. 002s2+0. 4s+1 wm(s)/I(s)= Kb/Bt(1+sTm) =14. 5/(1+0. 75) Converter Transfer function Kr =1. 35V/Vcm =1. 35*230/10 =31. 05V/v Tr = 1/12*Fs = 1/12*50 =0. 00166sec T. F = kr/(1+sTr) =31. 05/(1+0. 00166s) Design of Current Controller Tc=T2=0. 0208sec K = T1/2Tr = 0. 1077/2*0. 00166 = 32. 43 Kc = KTc/k1HCKrTm =32. 43 *0. 0208/0. 0449*1*31. 05*0. 7 =0. 69 Transfer function Gc(s) = Kc(1+sTc)/sTc = 0. 69(1+0. 0208s)/0. 0208s = 0. 69 + 0. 0143s/0. 0 208s Current Loop I(s)/I*(s) = Ki/(1+sTi) Ti = T3/1+ kfi Ki = kfi/Hc(1+ kfi) Kfi = KcKrKiTmHc/Tc Kfi = 0. 9*31. 05*0. 0449*0. 7*1/0. 0208 Kfi = 32. 44 Ki = Kfi/HC(1+ Kfi) Kfi = 32. 44/1*(1+32. 44) Kfi = 0. 97 Ti = T3/(1+ Kfi) = T1+Tr/(1+ Kfi) = 0. 1077+0. 00166/1+32. 44 = 0. 0032sec Speed controller Design T4 = Ti + Tw K2 = Ki Kb Hw /Bt Tm K2 = 0. 97*1. 26*1/0. 0869*0. 7 K2 = 20. 092 KS = 1/(2 Kt T4) KS = 1/2*20. 092*0. 0032 KS = 7. 77 Ts = 4T4 =4*0. 0032 Ts = 0. 0128 Transfer function T. F = KS (1+sTS)/sTS = 7. 77(1+0. 0128s)/0. 0128s = (7. 77 + 0. 0994)/0. 0128s ? Modeling using PSIM Parameters Given Source (Vdc) = 800V Transistor (npn)Saturation Voltage = 0 Initial Position = 0 Current Flag = 1 Gating Block (G) relative frequency = 50Hz Number of Points = 2 Switching Points = 0 180 Diode (D) Diode Voltage Drop = 0 Initial Position = 0 Current Flag = 0 inductor (L) Inductance = 0. 01 Initial Current = 0A Current Flag = 0 Capacitor (C) Capacitance = 0. 00005F Initial Capacitive V oltage = 0V Current Flag = 0 DC MOTOR (DCM) Ra = 0. 055 ohm La = 0. 01H Rf = 55 ohm Lf = 0. 02H MI = 0. 2 Vt = 440V Ia = 80A If = 4A n = 1500rpm Torque Flag = 0 Master/Slave Flag = 1 Field Source = 400VSpeed Sensor (Ws) Gain = 1 Simulation Control Time Step = 1e-005 Total Time = 0. 02 Print Time = 0 Print Step = 1 Load Flag = 0 Slave Flag = 0 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS DC drives are highly versatile dynamism conversion devices. It can meet the demand of loads requiring high starting, accelerating and decelerating torques. At the said(prenominal) time dc drives are easily adaptable for wide range of speed control and quick reversal. So, in industrial application where accurate control of speed and / or torque is required chopper controlled dc drives are unrivalled.Therefore, chopper controlled dc motors are universally employed in steel and aluminum mills, power shovels, electric elevators, railway locomotives and large earth moving equipments. Uses o Various Chopper Controlled DC dri ves with reasons Types of DC drives Applications Advantages Accurate speed control can be done. Separately Excited dc drives Used in composing mills, steel rolling Variation of speed from very high to low value can be mills, diesel-electric propulsion of done ships, etc. jump torque is very high upto 500%. Maximum momentary operating torque is upto 400%. Speed code is widely variable. It is very high Series dc drive Used in hoists, cranes, conveyors, at no load. trolley-cars, electric locomotives, Speed control by series field. etc. Used in lathes, outward-moving pumps, Starting torque is medium, usually limited to 250% by Constant speed dc transfer drive reciprocating pumps, fans, blowers, a starting resistance but may be increased. conveyors, spinning and weaving Maximum momentary operating torque is usually limited machines, etc. to about 200% by commutation. Speed regulation is about 5-10 %. Speed increases about 200% by field control a nd decreases by armature voltage control. Starting torque is medium, usually limited to 250% by a starting resistance but may be increased. Maximum momentary operating torque is usually limited Adjustable speed dc shunt drives Used for application requiring to about 200% by commutation. adjustable speed control, either constant torque or constant output. SCOPE OF MODIFICATIONS Chopper controlled dc drives are widely used in hoists, cranes, elevators, shears, crushers, conveyor, blending mills, punch presses, air compressors, ice making machines, tractions, etc.So these drives should be modified in the following(a) ways to make them more efficient and accurate, 1. The chopper controlled dc motors should be made with large diameter armatures and large pole size of reduced height. 2. The coupling as well as the main and commutating poles should be well laminated to reduce the eddy current effect and to improve the commutation. 3. Large numbers of commutator bars sho uld be used to reduce the voltage between the commutator segments and to improve the commutation. 4.The commutator should be made larger in order to provide extra insulation to withstand large and rapid voltage fluctuations. 5. Compensating windings should be used in large motors to reduce the armature reactions effects. 6. The current densities used for the armature and Interpol windings should be reduced as compared to the conventional dc motors of the same frame size and rating in order to reduce the effect of heating of armature and Interpol. 7. Low inertia armature should be employed for improving the response. 8.Split brushes of proper commutating quality should be used for reducing the effect of transformer voltage in the coil undergoing commutations. 9. Better class of insulation should be used to allow higher temperature rise and dissipation of more losses from a given frame. 10. Now a days chopper controlled dc drives are widely used in the automobile industries. So, it s hould have high efficiency and accuracy, light weight, low maintenance cost. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Electric Drives Ramakrishnan, Prentice Hall India. 2. Power Electronics P. S. Bimbhra, Khanna Publishers. 3. Software MATLAB 6. 5 and PSIM.

Synopses of Psychology Articles

1. synopsis This magazine deliver displays the concept of belief. As the female blankly stares into space, she looks actu exclusivelyy stressed and depressed. This also displays prescription drug pills in which are falling as if they were raindrops, with a teddy bear, kids small wagon with blocks in the background, and the female attribute a bottle which references as if shes overly stressed from the pressures of provokeing. This ultimately results with having to take the pills for her mental cark of depression. The woman also appears to be suffering from post partum depression, which could film led to her drug abuse. Moreover, common experiences of new motherhood, such as quietness disturbance, postpartum pain, psychological stress, and trauma also increase the chances of having post partum depression. mental Concept DepressionAndrea, Barbalich, Moms on Drugs (2011) Parents Magazine pp. 140-1412. outline This is a poem that describes the many things that one does when h aving the sleep disorder of insomnia. The person tries many methods to go to sleep, but none seem to work, so they stay up and perform different movements and actions in hopes that theyll eventually go to sleep. Nothing works, so they just accept the circumstance that sleep wont come. Psychological Concept- Sleeping disorders- Chidi, S. (2006). Up Education. Retrieved December 9, 2009, from http//www.poemhunter.com/poem/up-education/3. Synopsis This was a very interesting video that speaks of the psychological effects that stem from positive and negative honorments a parent gives a minor to change their behaviour. For example, a parent may spank a pip-squeak to reinforce their behavior of lying habitually. This is a type of punishment that parents gear towards in hopes to positively change their childs behavior. Psychological Concept- punishment-Zakaria, F. (Host), & McCullough, C. (Writer). (2011, May 16). Psychology reinforcement and punishment Video file. Retrieved from http/ /il.youtube.com/watch?v=1uTsQLH3vNQ&feature=related4. Synopsis This website describes the many causes of drug and alcohol addiction that one may experience. It then goes on to mention the double treatments and therapies that one can seek to get through this life threatening psychological disorder. It not moreover affects the brain, but also affects the clay detrimentally as well. This website is very informative on guiding them on a road to recovery. Psychological concept- drug and alcoholuse and addiction-Archer, D. (n.d.). Treatment approaches for drug addiction. Retrieved from http//www.drugabuse.gov/publications/infofacts/treatment-approaches-drug-addiction5. Synopsis This is an article that was published in the New York Times newspaper where it speaks of the effects of helicopter parenting, and how it negatively affects the child. Hovering a child hinders them from making their own purposes and developing their own identity in this society. This is a very significant psych ological concept because decision making is essential to reserve and perform in daily life. Lacking decision making skills is a cause from one being neurotic.Psychological concept- decision making- Lewin, T. (2008, Dec 01). Going withdraw to college for less (passport required). New York Times (1923-Current File), pp. A1. Keirsey, D(1998). Please Understand Me II Temperament, Character, Intelligence (Prometious Nemesis Publishing Company) Toronto Canada.6. Synopsis This is a best seller book where the author David Keirsey duologue about how being toughnessament is very important to return in college, other schooling, work, relationships and more. As a child, one may have temper tantrums when they dont bring forth what they desire. That is a personality and psychological trait where the impulses in ones brain becomes very strong and cause the tantrums. This behavior shows during adulthood in the daily life of the person. Its important to be temperament because it causes less ar guments and altercations between yourself and others, as David stresses in his book. Psychological concept- temperament7. Synopsis Freud talks about the three personality traits Id, ego and super ego, and how they work together to build personalities and the complexity of humans beings. They are the different levels as to how information in the brain is structured. Freud says theres the un aware, mid conscious and conscious. Freud practiced many methods and has come to the conclusion that the unconscious is where everything is stored. The threepersonality traits that he has come up with him consider are important in making decisions. Psychological concept- Id, ego, and super egoLahey, B, Psychology An installation 11th edition8. Synopsis The psychological concept that is revealed in this commercial deals with forgetting. The psychological disorder of dementia is humorously shown in this commercial by an elderly woman who forgets that shes eating KFC, and that she placed the chicke n pose on her head. Dementia is very common in old age, and saddens families as they watch their elder love ones go through it, but in the commercial it brings humor to the disorder. The family thats in the commercial keep an eye on it funny that the elder woman put the bucket onto her head. Psychological concept- forgetting- Pratt, C. (Executive producer). (2008, October 5). KFC commercial MTV.9. Synopsis The movie Arachnophobia is about a group of scientists, looking to discover and research many species of insects and spiders, but accidently brings home a deadly animal then increasingly multiplies and kill many people. The people of the town become paranoid of them, and do all they can to get away from them. Psychological concept- phobia- Marshall, F. (Director). (1990). Arachnophobia Hollywood Pictures. Available from IDP Films, 1133 Broadway, Suite 926, New York, NY 1001010. Synopsis- Ivan Pavlov was a Russian Physiologist who researched conditioning. One of his findings was that if you present someone with a repetitive demonstration that they are to perform, they will continue to receive the anticipation of what was told for them to perform. For example, when ringing a bell for a hang back to come and get a bone, the dog comes to eat it. When the bone is taken away, but the bell is still rang, the dogs mouth began to drivel and will anticipate the reward of the bone. The animal has been controlled by being knowledgeable by a conditioned response. Psychological concept- conditioning- Babkin, B.P. (1949). Pavlov A Biography. Toronto, Canada The University of Chicago Press.11. Synopsis- This picture represents a woman on her death bed relying on oxygen as a means of life support. There are 5 stages of dying, which are denial, fretfulness, bargain, depression and accept. This womans first reaction was probably denial, in which she refuses to acknowledge the inevitable, perhaps believing a mistake has been made. She may have even sought other medical o pinions and diagnoses or pretend that this view would simply go away on its own. As she realized that she was dying, she may have experience anger due to her life ending prematurely.She may have also attempted to bargain, probably with God or another religious figure, and she may have promised to change or make amends or compensate for her wrongdoings. The woman may have also experienced depression and hopelessness. During this stage, she may mourn the loss of wellness that was already occurring, as well as the impending losses of her family and plans. Lastly, when nearing the end of suffering she will identify to accept the inevitable, paving the way for a smoother transition both for herself and loved ones. Psychological concept- Stages of Dying-http//www.equalitybritain.co.uk/capacity/news/news_June09.asp12. Synopsis- This picture represents a young lady with an eating disorder. She displays signs of disappointment, disgust, depression, guilt and a pale/ carbuncled appearance. She may be abnormally sensitive about being perceived as fat, or have a massive fear of becoming fat. The measuring tape in her mouth shows that she is very body conscious and is constantly measuring her body. The different writing on her body represents how she feels about herself and her image. She may have psychological and emotional problems that contribute to her disorder.She may also have a low self-esteem, perfectionism, impulsive behavior and troubled relationships. feeding disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder include extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors skirt weight and food issues in society. Peer pressure and what she may have seen in the media may have fueled her desire to be thin. The exact cause of eating disorders is unknown. Unfortunately, many people with eating disorders survive treatment and experience serious complications such as bone loss, heart failure, digestive problems and seizures. Psychological concept- Eating Disorders - http//iamw0manhearmer0ar.wordpress.com/category/eating-disorders/

Journal Entries for habit

Journal Entries for habit one and two substance abuse 1 Be Pro momentive match to Stephen drove, being proactive is part of human nature and military man argon responsible for their own lives. He indicated the details of a social map which consist of inherited determinism (Ancestors), Psychic determinism (P arnts) and Environment determinism (Boss or something in the environment). The proactive concept was condoneed except using the Stimulus and receipt relationship and the catalyst story of Viltor Frankl. Between Stimulus and Response, man has the ability or freedom to choose.This style one can decide how to reactive to thing or how to handle each situation. What matters most is how we respond to what we experience in life. We need to take initiative and this authority recognizing our responsible to make things happen. We need to act or be acted upon. In swarms own words, reactive good deal are in both case affected by their social environment, by the social weather. W hen heap treat them well, they feel well when people dont, they become defensive or protective. Proactive people are still influenced by extraneous stimuli, whether physical, social, or psychological.But their response to the stimuli, conscious or unconscious, is a value-establish choice or response. Proactive people arent pushy. Theyre smart, theyre value driven, they read reality, and they know whats needed. A nonher classic issue he raised in the book is for people to expand their circle of influence. clothe two Begin with the termination in mind According to Covey, Begin with the End in Mind is to begin today with the image, picture, or paradigm of the end of your life as your frame of reference or the criterion by which everything else is examined.It further means to start with a clear understanding of your destination. Using the principle that all things are created twice, Covey said the unique human capacities of self-awareness, imagination, and conscience enable us to ex amine first creations and make it achievable for us to take charge of our own first creation, to write our own script. use of goods and services 2 is based on principles of individualized leaders, which means that leadership is the first creation. Leadership is not management. Stephen Covey said as he explained the second habit.He further in the book explained that, in business proactive powerful leadership must(prenominal) constantly monitor environmental sort, particularly customer buying habits and motives, and provide the force incumbent to organize resources in the right direction. Later in the book, Covey stated that, the most legal focusing he knows to begin with the end in mind is to develop a personal/ family/ organizational flush statement or philosophy or creed. It focuses on what one wants to be and to do (contri plainlyions and achievements) and on the determine or principles upon which being and doing are based.Visualization and affirmation were also talked about. Shairay Jones Journal Entries for habit three and four Habit Three Put first things first. To Covey, we are responsible for our own effectiveness, for our own happiness, and ultimately for most of our circumstances. The third gear habit is the personal fruit of habit 1 and 2. In Habit 3 according to Covey, we are dealing with m whatsoever of the questions addressed in the field of life and time management. He used an interpreter of four quadrants to show the essence of this habit and time management.quarter-circle I stood for both urgent and important things. Quadrant III stood for urgent but not important things. Quadrant IV not important, not urgent things while Quadrant II which is the heart of effective personal management stood for not urgent, but important things. These things to him are what we should put first before any other thing. He also talked about gofer agency and stewardship delegation ( fetching control and giving control out respectively). Part three Pu blic Victory At this part, Covey talked about the Paradigm of Interdependence.He asked us to remember that effective interdependence can just now be built on a foundation of true independence. Private Victory precedes Public Victory. In the kindred way, Algebra comes before calculus. To expatiate on this point, Covey noted that independence is an achievement. Interdependence is a choice only independent people can make. So the place to begin building any relationship is wrong ourselves, internal our Circle of Influence, our own character. Stephen further recollected an incidence he had with his two sons to explain what attending to lesser things meant.To him, Small discourtesies, bitty unkindnesses, little forms of disrespect make large withdrawals in our lives. In relationship for instance, the little thing are the big things. Keeping commitments, Clarifying expectations, showing personal integrity, apologizing sincerely when we make a withdrawal from our emotional bank are i mportant things to do to make deposits in to our emotional banks. Covey mentioned that, with the paradigm of the Emotional Bank Account in mind, were ready to move into the habits of Public Victory, or success in working with other people.Habit 4 Think win-win (Principles of Interpersonal leadership) Under this heading, Covey narrated his personal experience at work with a company and at the end he noted that, whether you are the president of a company or the janitor, the moment you step from independence into interdependence in any capacity, you step into a leadership role. You are in a position of influencing other people. And the habit of effective interpersonal leadership is to value win-win. In addition, I learnt from this book that, win-win is not a technique but a total philosophy of human interaction.The principle of win-win begins with character consequently moves to relationship. Everything else is built on character. due date is the second foundation for win-win. To Co vey, Maturity is the balance between courage and consideration. To go for win-win, you not only fill to be nice, you gravel to be courageous. You not only have to be empathic, you have to be confident. You not only have to be considerate and sensitive, you have to be brave. Thats why we need to be internally matured, according to Stephen Covey.The third characteristic of a win-win case is the abundance mentality, the paradigm that there is plug out there for everybody. From the foundation of character, we build and maintain win-win relationship. Shairay Jones Journal Entries for habit five, six, and seven Habit 5 Seek first to understand, then to be understood. Principles of Empathic Communication Stephen Covey began this session by dictum this if I were to summarize in one sentence the single most important principle I have learned in the field of interpersonal relations, it would be this Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood. To him this principle is the key to effec tive interpersonal communication. It shows how we have such a tendency to rush in, to sire things up with good advice. But we often fail to take the time to diagnose, to really, deeply understand the bother first. There is a link between character and communication. Communication is the most important skill in life. In addition to communication, Covey emphasized emphatic sense of hearing, another important factor aiding the fifth habit. We must always seek first to understand before seeking to be understood.Empathic listening means listening with intent to understand and that is needed for habit 5. Diagnosing before we prescribe is also needed for this habit. Habit 6 Synergy Principles of Creative Cooperation Synergy is the essence of Principle-Centered Leadership. It is the essence of principle-centered parenting and it catalyzes, unifies, and unleashes the greatest powers within people. All the habits we have covered prepare us to create the miracle of synergy. Stephen Covey. H e defined synergy to mean that, the full-page is greater than the sum of its parts.He illustrated this in different scenarios and talked about synergistic communication. He explained that, when you communicate synergistically, you are barely opening your mind and heart and expressions to new possibilities, new alternatives, new options. He talked about synergy in the classroom and in business. Another important thing he talked about was what he called Negative synergy. He also talked about valuing the difference this to him is the essence of synergy, the mental, the emotional, and the psychological differences between people.And the key to valuing those differences is to realize that all people see the world, not as it is, but as they are. Part four RENEWAL Habit 7 Sharpen the Saw Over here, he spoke about the principles of balanced self-renewal. This final habit involves taking time to sharpen the saw and it surrounds the other habits on the Seven Habits paradigm because it is th e habit that makes all the others possible. According to him, it involves preserving and enhancing the greatest asset we have. Us) Sharpen the Saw basically means expressing all four motivations (physical, spiritual, mental, and social/emotional). It means exercising all four dimensions of our nature, regularly and consistently, in wise and balanced ways. To do this, we must be proactive, according to Covey. He also used the physical dimension, mental dimension, socio/emotional and the spiritual dimension paradigms to explain this point. Furthermore, he noted that balanced renewal is optimally synergetic.The things you do to sharpen the saw in any one dimension have positive impact in other dimensions because they are so super interrelated. He, at the end, talked about Inside out again by quoting the words of Ezra Taft Benson The Lord works from the inside out. The world works from the outside in. The world would take people out of the slums. Christ takes the slums out of people, a nd then they take themselves out of the slums. The world would mold men by changing their environment. Christ changes men, who then change their environment.The world would shape human behavior, but Christ can change human nature. Shairay Jones Advance adaptation Seminar The 7 habits of highly effective people Questions 1. What made Stephen R. Covey write the book? 2. Does he think the 7 habits are still relevant today? 3. Did he think the book would have the typesetters case of effect it had on the people? 4. Did the book influence him? How? 5. What habit had the most influence on him? 6. Where did he come up with the seven habits? 7. How does he fell to know that his book sold over 15 million? 8. Did he buy the book when it first came out?

F and B Manager

social unit 6 Food and suck ups returns Unit encrypt L/601/0463 QCF direct 3 BTEC bailiwick Credit value 10 Guided eruditeness hours 60 Aim and purpose The aim of this unit is to en fit prentices to gain looking of the vastness of the meal stimulate in feed and sw bothow in go unconscious processs and skills to prep ar, provide and refreshen provision of victuals and imbibing profit. Unit introduction This unit introduces learners to basic concepts of nutriment aid and to the skills, knowledge and responsibilities required in solid fodder dish out throughout the sector.The knowledge and skills acquired in this unit whole(a)ow prepare learners for a supervisory subroutine in sustenance service businesses. This unit includes only non-alcoholic score happys. Alcoholic potables are c everywhereed in Unit 7 Alcoholic Beverage attend. Learners will explore the factors involved in the meal let and will project the opportunity to relate issues concerning v alue, eccentric, skill aims, satisfaction, service and surround to guest expectations in a motley of trading operations. Learners will need to lead the expression and layout of a sustenance service operation, taking into account respective(a) factors such as equipment, staff rganisation and special(a) customer ask. Learners will need to usher a skipper approach and hardheaded customer service and sustenance service skills. Throughout the unit learners will give the opportunity to die the skills divert to a tend of contrastive businesses, such as eaterys, fast victuals businesses, pub solid food courts and coffee bars. It is important for learners to appreciate factors essential to customer satisfaction and the result of these ask not being fully met. Learners will need to understand and take hold evaluation techniques to food service operations. Learning outcomesOn completion of this unit a learner should 1 Understand the importance of the meal watch in food and imbibition service operations 2 Be able to organise the home run a guidance and layout of a food and crispen service operation 3 Be able to provide food and soak up service and customer service in a maestro, safe and hygienic manner 4 Be able to review food and throw service provision. Edexcel BTEC take aim 3 Nationals judicial admission in hospitality Issue 1 February 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 1 Unit fill 1 Understand the importance of the meal experience in food and drink service operationsMeal experience value for money quality of product and service purlieu ambience suitability for purpose level of customer service quantify Situations eating for pleasure or necessity eg business lunch, special occasion, meal with friends, wedding celebration, conference, function, during a obtain trip, in hospital, when travelling 2 Be able to organise the preparation and layout of a food and drink service operation subprogram types eg restaurant, pub, banquet, fast food, food court, coffee bar, transport providers (rail, air, sea)Preparation and layout health and safety considerations checking cleanliness of environment checking furnishings and equipment obtaining and preparing equipment determining layout of environment, the reception, bar area, tables and eating area menu requirements staff organisation briefing customer needs eg wheelchair access, children contingency provokeulatening 3 Be able to provide food and drink service and customer service in a professional, safe and hygienic mannerRequirements product knowledge technical skills appropriate procedures for operation eg welcoming customer, taking order, confirming choice, serving food and beverages utilise appropriate method, ensuring payment Food service methods eg silver service, plate service, buffet, self-service, assisted service, room service, counter service suitability of method for distinct operations constraints eg cost- efficaciousness, customer demand, timescale, staff skills, environment, layout soak up service non-alcoholic eg soft drinks, bottled waters, teas, coffees service procedures and techniques cleaning and maintaining equipment eg uice dispensers, coffee machines trends eg designer waters, reasoned drinking options node service situations communication method (face-to-face, on the telephone, in writing, by email) purpose eg providing t each(prenominal)ing, bounteous advice, keeping records, providing assistance, dealing with problems, handling complaints, dealing with food allergies Professional approach attitude personal show dress hygiene attentiveness body language attention to item relationships with colleagues communication skills eg listening, speaking, relaying messages and orders accurately and chop-chop groupwork codes of practice Be able to review food and drink service provision Techniques collecting tuition sources of education eg customers, colleagues feedback methods (qualitative, quantitative) eg questionnaires, comm ents books, staff meetings making reasoned judgements based on available information Criteria suitability of food and drink service provided environment, preparation and layout service provided (quality, speed) level of customer satisfaction value for money 2 Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Hospitality Issue 1 February 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 Assessment and scoring criteriaIn order to authorize this unit, the evidence that the learner presents for sound judgment needs to demonstrate that they nooky meet all the learning outcomes for the unit. The assessment criteria for a hold up grade describe the level of achievement required to pass this unit. Assessment and grading criteria To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to To achieve a merit grade the evidence must show that, in humanitarian to the pass criteria, the learner is able to P1 explain the importance of the M1 meal experience in food and drink service situations IE 4 P2 organise the preparation and ayout of a food and drink service operation SM 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 P3 demonstrate efficient skills M2 show independence and in providing food and drink confidence in providing food service with appropriate tutor and drink service corroboration P4 show a professional attitude at all times with germane(predicate) personal, social, technical and customer service skills SM 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 P5 review food and drink service M3 estimate a food and drink provision. service operation and make IE 6 recommendations for improvement using agreed criteria and relevant data. To achieve a distinction grade the evidence must show that, n addition to the pass and merit criteria, the learner is able to analyse the suitability of different methods of service, operational procedures and levels of customer service in food service operations D1 show high levels of confidence, product knowledge and skills when providing food and drink service D2 assess a food and drink ser vice operation, making confirm recommendations for improvement, and produce an action plan for implementation. PLTS This summary references where applicable, in the square brackets, the elements of the personal, learning and opinion skills applicable in the pass criteria.It identifies opportunities for learners to demonstrate effective application of the referenced elements of the skills. IE independent enquirers RL reflective learners SM self-managers CT creative thinkers Key TW team workers EP effective participators Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Hospitality Issue 1 February 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 3 Essential guidance for tutors Delivery Professionalism in the cordial reception industry is vital to both the success of the cordial reception business and to learners future careers.Future employers will expect recruits to demonstrate a professional attitude to their work, to themselves, to colleagues and to their employers. Tutors must remove great care throughout their work to reinforce the importance of maintaining the right professional attitude, in wrong of personal, social, technical and customer service skills when working with and communicating with others. It is important that learners are made aware of different types of food and drink service operations and the situations and contexts to which they are suited.While some centres whitethorn prefer to concentrate on traditional restaurant operations, the unit is designed to ensure that learners are prepared for employment in a range of food and drink service operations. It should be noted that this unit includes non-alcoholic beverages, and delivery should include the preparation and service of a range of teas, coffees and other non-alcoholic drinks. Tutors should be aware of developing trends in food and drink products and services in the hospitality industry, and should ensure that learners understand both the nature of the trends and their impact on hospitality oper ations.Much of the delivery will be through practical sessions. These could be supported through work system prior to assessment to enable learners to develop food and drink service skills. Both practical sessions and work placements should be planned to enable a range of food service situations to be considered and to enable learners to apply their skills to these varied situations. Learners will as well as need to consider a variety of customer service situations that may arise through food and drink service. They could practise their skills through consumption plays of simulated scenarios.Learners should develop criteria to quantify performance relating to each scenario and practise evaluating their own and others performance. Recording constituent plays using video and/or auditory sensation cas countersinktes would assist selfevaluation. This unit could be delivered jointly with Unit 7 Alcoholic Beverage Service and could too be delivered alongside Unit 5 Supervisory Skil ls in the Hospitality Industry, as it offers the opportunity to organise and supervise a team in the delivery of food and drink service. The application of evaluation techniques and criteria will also make a valuable ontribution to learners future role as supervisors in the hospitality industry. 4 Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Hospitality Issue 1 February 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 Outline learning plan The outline learning plan has been included in this unit as guidance and can be employ in conjunction with the programme of suggested assignments. The outline learning plan demonstrates one way in planning the delivery and assessment of this unit. Topic and suggested assignments/activities and/assessmentIntroduction to the unit and the programme of learning. Group discussion somewhat food and drink service operations. Tutor explanation of key terms. Visits to hospitality businesses and observation of food and drink service operations follow-up poster showing fo od and drink service operations inside the businesses. Learners interview a member of staff from their own institution on the importance of the meal experience in food and drink service operations. Visits to hospitality businesses to find out about different food and drink service situations.Assignment 1 The Importance of the Meal Experience in Food and sup Service Operations (P1, M1) Learners produce a showing about the importance of the meal experience in food and drink service operations based on visit. Group discussion to determine types of operation for different types of hospitality businesses. Videos or role-plays of preparation and layout of a food and drink service operation. utilization-play crops organising the preparation and layout of a food and drink service operation. Assignment 2 Organising the Preparation and Layout of a Food and Drink Service Operation (P2)Based on organising the preparation and layout of a food and drink service operation for real customers . Videos or role plays of providing food and drink service. Learners work alongside staff in their own institution providing food and drink service receive feedback. Role-play exercises providing food and drink service. Assignment 3 Providing Food and Drink Service and Customer Service (P3, P4, M2, D1) Based on providing food and drink service to real customers. Learners investigate review techniques and criteria expendd in a business.Assignment 4 Review of Food and Drink Service Provision (P5, M3, D2) An investigation of a business or related to a scenario leading to a piece of write work. Tutorial support and feedback. Self-initiated learning time. Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Hospitality Issue 1 February 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 5 Assessment Any evidence submitted for criteria requiring the practical demonstration of skills, eg role plays or the ability to work independently, must be supported by observation sheet(s) signed by the assessor identifying how and why specific criteria have been met.The sub-headings in this section mirror the funnelling opportunities in the grading grid. They suggest how assessment can be separate to allow learners to progress to the higher grades however, they are not prescriptive. P1 M1 To achieve P1, learners must explain the importance of the meal experience, based on their work experience or visits to a variety of businesses. Learners should include a stripped of three different situations in their explanation, covering each of the meal experience criteria.M1 requires learners to analyse in detail at least two different food and drink service operations, focusing on all aspects of the meal experience, operational issues and customer service. P2 For P2, learners need to show they can organise and implement the preparation and layout of the environment before starting the service. Evidence could be gathered through observation by the tutor of team briefings or a written brief together with evid ence of a single practical exercise when the learner has had specific responsibility.P3 P4 M2 D1 To achieve P3, learners need to demonstrate food and drink service skills. This can be demonstrate in the form of video tapes or witness testimonies from assessors and supported by written descriptions of the practical scenario. The evidence could, for the most part, come from the same practical situations as for P2. Although learners must show competent skills, at pass level it is expected that they will require guidance and support. Evidence for P4 could be in the form of video or witness testimonies from assessors.The witness testimonies should give sufficient information to confirm that the requirements of achieving a professional approach to personal, social, technical and customer service skills have been met, as have levels of teamwork and communication. The evidence for M2 must show that learners are capable of using initiative and show confidence and independence in food and drink service and customer care skills. Evidence should come from real-life food and drink service situations, and could be connect with Unit 26 Industry-related Project in Hospitality.Learners competence in meeting this criterion should be evidenced by an observation sheet with reference made to how and why the learner has achieved M2. To achieve D1, witness testimonies and/or observation sheets should give detailed information to confirm that the learner has demonstrated a high level of personal and technical skills. Examples of effective technical skills at this level could be a learner who is able to anticipate customer needs and can demonstrate customer service to a standard which is over and above that normally expected. 6 Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Hospitality Issue 1 February 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 P5 M3 D2 To achieve P5, learners are required to review food and drink service provision using appropriate evaluation techniques and criteria and sho uld provide evidence which shows understanding of the need to measure the performance of a food service operation. The criteria should be specific and measurable. Examples of appropriate criteria could be all tables are to receive orders at heart 15 minutes or the menu should reflect good value for money compared to other similar businesses. Learners should also explain the benefits of this approach.This can be done in general terms and need not be linked to a specific food service project, although evidence could be linked with Unit 26 Industry-related Project in Hospitality. Evidence for M3 will build on the criteria identified in P5. The criteria utilisationd could be predetermined by the assignment brief, but learners should relate the evidence to a specific practical scenario and produce valid recommendations for improvement. Learners should collect data from reliable sources, eg customer comment cards and feedback from colleagues, rather than basing the whole review on their own opinion.Evidence for D2 could be in the form of a presentation or a written report. Joint evaluation as part of a team would not be acceptable. Learners must set their own criteria for assessing a food and drink service operation and make recommendations for improvement that are justified and prioritised. The action plan should be realistic and achievable in the context of the chosen food and drink operation. Programme of suggested assignments The table below shows a programme of suggested assignments that cover the pass, merit and distinction criteria in the assessment and grading grid.This is for guidance and it is recommended that centres either write their own assignments or adapt any Edexcel assignments to meet topical anesthetic needs and resources. Criteria covered Assignment title Scenario P1, M1 The Importance of the Meal Experience in Food and Drink Service Operations Learners take the role of Learners create a restaurant manager and need to presentation for use wit h produce a presentation about new staff. the importance of the meal experience in food and drink service operations for use with new staff. P2 Organising the Preparation and Layout of a Food and Drink Service OperationLearners continue in the role Role play or work placement of restaurant manager and supported by observation are required to organise the sheets. preparation and layout of a food and drink service operation. P3, P4, M2, D1 Providing Food and Drink Service and Customer Service Learners continue in the role of restaurant manager and are required to provide food and drink service to real customers. Role play or work placement supported by observation sheets. P5, M3, D2 Review of Food and Drink Service Provision Learners continue in the role of restaurant manager and are asked to review the food and rink service provision. Learners produce material in suitable format questionnaires, checklists. Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Hospitality Issue 1 Februar y 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 Assessment method 7 Links to National Occupational Standards, other BTEC units, other BTEC quali? cations and other relevant units and quali? cations This unit forms part of the BTEC Hospitality suite. This unit has particular links with the following unit titles in the Hospitality suite Level 2 Level 3 Service of Food at Table Alcoholic Beverage Service Service of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic DrinksFood Service Organisation Essential resources It is essential for the delivery of this unit that learners have access to a real or simulated food service environment. Appropriate food and drink service equipment must also be provided, such as cappuccino machines, icemakers, blenders and other specialist equipment including glasses and china. Employer engagement and vocational contexts Visits and work experience with local food and drink service providers would provide learners with an insight into food and drink service and help learners develop the skills req uired in different businesses providing food service.Developing hospitality industry links would enhance the delivery of this unit. revelatory reading for learners Textbooks Ceserani V and Foskett D The Theory of Catering, 11th Edition (Hodder Arnold, 2007) ISBN 9780340939260 Hayter R Food and Drink Service, second Edition (Thomson Learning, 1996) ISBN 9781861526878 Lillicrap D and Cousins J Food and Beverage Service, 7th Edition (Hodder Arnold, 2006) ISBN 9780340905241 Journal Caterer and Hotelkeeper reed instrument Business Information Websites www. bha. org. uk British Hospitality Association www. caterersearch. com Caterersearch Hospitality news www. catersource. om Catersource Education, products and news for caterers www. cookeryonline. com Cookeryonline Food, cookery and hospitality resources www. fdf. org. uk Food and Drink Federation www. people1st. co. uk People 1st Sector Skills Council for Hospitality, Leisure, Travel and Tourism 8 Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Hospitality Issue 1 February 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 Delivery of personal, learning and thinking skills The table below identifies the opportunities for personal, learning and thinking skills (PLTS) that have been included within the pass assessment criteria of this unit.Skill When learners are Independent enquirers P1 explaining the importance of the meal experience in food and drink service situations IE 4 P5 reviewing food and drink service provision IE 6 Self-managers P2 organising the preparation and layout of a food and drink service operation P3 demonstrating competent skills in providing food and drink service with appropriate tutor support P4 showing a professional attitude at all times with relevant personal, social, technical and customer service skills SM 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7Although PLTS are identified within this unit as an inherent part of the assessment criteria, there are further opportunities to develop a range of PLTS through various approaches to teaching and learning. Skill When learners are Reflective learners assessing their food and drink service provision RL 1. Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Hospitality Issue 1 February 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 9 Functional Skills Level 2 Skill When learners are ICT Use ICT systems train, interact with and use ICT systems independently for a complex task to meet a ariety of needs Use ICT to effectively plan work and prize the effectiveness of the ICT system they have used Manage information storage to enable efficient recovery Follow and understand the need for safety and security practices Troubleshoot ICT Find and select information Select and use a variety of sources of information independently for a complex task Access, search for, select and use ICTbased information and evaluate its fitness for purpose ICT Develop, present and communicate information Enter, develop and format information independently to suit its meaning and urpose including ? text and tables ? images ? numbers ? records Bring together information to suit content and purpose Present information in ways that are fit for purpose and audience prize the selection and use of ICT tools and facilities used to present information Select and use ICT to communicate and exchange information safely, responsibly and effectively including storage of messages and contact lists 10 Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Hospitality Issue 1 February 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 Skill When learners are MathematicsUnderstand routine and non-routine problems in a wide range of familiar and unfamiliar contexts and situations Identify the situation or problem and the mathematical methods needed to tackle it Select and apply a range of skills to find solutions Use appropriate checking procedures and evaluate their effectiveness at each stage organising a food and drink service operation Interpret and communicate solutions to practical problems in familiar and unfamiliar r outine contexts and situations Draw conclusions and provide mathematical justifications English Speaking and listening make a range of ontributions to discussions and make effective presentations in a wide range of contexts discussing the importance of the meal experience presenting an evaluation of a food and drink operation and action plan. Reading compare, select, read and understand texts and use them to gather information, ideas, arguments and opinions Writing write documents, including extended writing pieces, communicating information, ideas and opinions, effectively and persuasively Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Hospitality Issue 1 February 2010 Edexcel Limited 2010 11