Autism Is Not A Single Disease - 2025 Words

While many individuals may have racial categories in mind when they are presented with a topic about minorities, autistic individuals are rarely brought to the surface of this conversation. This means that one should consider those with disabilities as another minority category. Those with autism cannot express their thoughts well, showing their lack of socialization with anyone. Knowing that autistic individuals are born with this genetic disease serves as a detriment when they face a classroom environment, where communication is quite important, especially in the K-12 system of the United States. Therefore, not supporting autistic students to their fullest potential serves many problems to the student, parent, and educational system. Before delving into the problems that arise, one should understand how to classify autism. According to O’Callaghan, â€Å"autism is not a single disease but a name...given to a behavioral phenotype that may have many aetiologies† (O†™Callaghan). While the terminology O’Callaghan used may appear daunting because it leans towards scientific discussion, his definition explains that one should not assume autism is just a disease in itself, but is more than that. It serves another role of representing how an autistic individual acts and that the way they behave is a physical characteristic one can identify when regarding them. He additionally mentioned that autism may not have one cause, but may be composed of several causes attributed towards it.Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Signs and Effects of Autism1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Signs and Effects of Autism Autism is a rare disease that has been noticed for centuries. The purest form of autism (high IQ and almost normal behavior yet still self-contained) occurs in about â€Å"one in 2,000 people†. When the many other forms of autism are added in, the ratio is â€Å"one in 750†. Autism is found in every race, ethnic group, nation, and social standing, although â€Å"males outnumber females by four or five times† (â€Å"Autistic Disorder† – 2). Autism is a broad range of disordersRead MoreThe Apales, Mumps, MeaslesSyncine And Exercines1338 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever thought about how much a single lie could affect humanity for decades? That is exactly what was started in 1998 by Dr. Andrew Wakefield. He and a panel of a dozen other scientists conducted a study to test for a connection between the Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine and a predisposition to behavioral regression and pervasive developmental disorders, including autism. Published on the 28th of February 1998 in The Lancet (Lancet1), their study showed there was a direct correlationRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder Impairs Social Skills, Behavior, and Communication912 Words   |  4 PagesAutism spectrum disorders are a class of developmental disorders that impair social skills, behavior, and communication (Center for Disease Control). ASDs are considered ‘spectrum’ disorders because each patient has a unique experience in the natu re and severity of their symptoms (Center for Disease Control). Under the umbrella of ASDs, there are three types of disorders, including Autistic disorder, Asperger Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (Center for DiseaseRead MoreIs Autism Caused By Vaccines Or Is It Genetic?916 Words   |  4 PagesIs autism caused by vaccines or is it genetic? Is it caused by environmental factors or are there problems during pregnancy that can cause it? Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler first used the term autism in 1908, and in the 1940s the United States began to use this term to describe children with emotional or social problems. He used it to describe â€Å"a schizophrenic patient who had withdrawn into his own world†. The Greek word autà ³s meaning self was what the name autism was derived from and was usedRead MoreAutism Is A Neurodevelopmental Disorder962 Words   |  4 PagesAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is the most severe form of A utism spectrum disorder (ASD). This illness causes impairments of social abilities, language, speech, and behaviors (DeLong, 2011, p.903). Autism is growing rapidly in the United States beginning in the 1990s (DeLong, 2011, p.903). It becomes the great public health concern. The genetics plays a role in autisms. However, environmental factors also can trigger autism. So the question about whether vaccination is one of these environmentalRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccinations748 Words   |  3 Pagesprotecting people from contracting fatal diseases. The science of vaccinations follows the definitions of science by Ruse and Lakatos, as well as Laudan’s belief that the better-supported science should be considered. In terms of evidence that supports vaccination, Harker has shown that vaccines do not cause autism or weakened immune systems. Additionally, the PBS documentary, Vaccines – Calling the Shots, discusses the evidence that shows that vaccines do not cause autism as well as discusses why vaccinesRead MoreThe Outbreak Of The Measles1659 Words   |  7 Pages An outbreak of the measles in the United States has sparked controversy in the autism world today. Contrary to previous theories, the measles vaccination is not a leading component to the cause of this disease. One in sixty-eight children in the United States are entering this world with Autistic Spectrum Disorder today, a thirty percent increase from the one in eighty eight percent two years ago. This disease is unquestionably one of the worst and most confusing disabilities out there. So, despiteRead MoreVaccine Of The Vaccine Autism Connection1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vaccine Autism Connection Being a parent is a never ending full time job. Constantly on the run, doing laundry, making food, and wiping snotty noses, you are faced with decisions to make for your child every day. One of those important decisions is whether or not to vaccinate your child. In today’s society this has become a tough choice to make as negative light has been casted upon vaccinations and their safety. False allegations of vaccines causing Autism have led parents from vaccinating theirRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesThere is an abundant amount of research done on abnormal diseases to understand the causes, functions, and effects or the diseases. One of the most widely known abnormal disorders is Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism is a complicated disorder because it represents a wide range of developmental disorders categorized by criteria such as: impaired social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication breakdowns, and repetitive behaviors. Since Autism Spectrum Disorder is on a spectrum, as the name suggestsRead MoreThe Importance Of Child Immunization1701 Words   |  7 Pagesgetting autism, parental lack of education about immunizations and lastly they believe that the illnesses that children are being immunized against are gone and immunizations are no longer needed. The autism scare started 17 years ago, in the year 1998, when a paper was published in the British medical journal called The Lancet. Andrew Wakefield, M.D., a British gastroenterologist, and his colleagues were the authors of this paper which started the scare of immunizations causing autism. Wakefield

Yoga Sutras And Early Buddhist Meditation - 1118 Words

Both the Yoga sutras and early Buddhist meditation studies the eightfold or eight limbs practices and principles. The eightfold of the early Buddhist meditation practices includes the right view, right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration. The eight limbs of Yoga sutra meditation similarly practices five restraints, five observances, postures, breath control, control of the senses, concentration, contemplation, and meditative absorption. There are multiple commonalities when it comes to the practice of Yoga sutra and early Buddhist meditation which importantly is state of the mind where the mind is informed. These steps of practices are the direction of finding†¦show more content†¦Scholars have long pointed out a commonality of vocabulary and concepts between the Yoga-sutras and Buddhist texts† (pg. 24). The Yoga sutra and early Buddhist meditation helps to distance themselves from the arrogan ce of the world, the materialistic possessions, and derives to the awareness of oneself, the innermost consciousness of the self and the mind. In the tradition of the Buddhist meditation, where there is chaos, one must and will find peace. To comprehend and evaluate one surroundings is the key aspect in discovering self awareness. Our day to day life is an example of one self-mindfulness because every day we learn from experiences which can lead to great harmony, concentration, and exploration also known as Samatha meditation. When the article declares, â€Å"The way the Buddha taught meditation was not intended to encourage people to ignore the world or closet themselves away, as is sometimes thought, but, with the mindfulness that is constantly enjoined, to be of it and participate in it more† (pg. 3). Concisely, the way one views the world is determined by the outcome of ones consciousness of the mind. How we see the world and engage in it truly opens our eyes beyond imagi nation, one learns to help, suffer, and experience the world changing and they change with it. Even though, the truly ideal phase of the Buddhist mediation comes â€Å"At the heart of theShow MoreRelatedLions Roar Mandala Tibetan Buddhist Meditation Dharma Center1079 Words   |  5 PagesLion’s Roar Mandala Tibetan Buddhist Meditation Dharma Center meets at the Do Nga Dhargey Temple, meaning â€Å"Sutra and Tantra Flourishing† (Location). Sutra means â€Å"a collection of aphorisms relating to some aspect of the conduct of life† (Sutra). In other words, they are sayings that are meant to help you to reflect on life and how we should all act. Tantra is when you try to make a connection with the Buddha(s) through yoga and meditations. Upon approaching the temple, one cannot help, but to noticeRead MoreThe Moving Role of Buddhism in the United States1184 Words   |  5 Pagesof Zen† are shelved in bookstores, [. The] the Dalai Lama has been characterize d in Hollywood movies, and [the] civilian’s new fascination in Buddhist [Buddhism] has published in the NY Times magazine. [New Paragraph] This religion originally [, which originated] from India [,] has appeared in social movements, and sports across the country, [.] and Buddhist studies are taught in universities from Portland, Maine to Honolulu, Hawaii. This American version of Buddhism has been adapted and publicizedRead MoreSimilarities Between Confucianism And Buddhism1124 Words   |  5 PagesTradition states that he attained enlightenment on a full moon day in May - under a fig tree. According to Buddha s teachings, the purpose of life is to end suffering and develop compassion for all living things without discrimination. He taught that meditation must be used to move beyond selfish concerns and desires. Only by quieting the mind can people connect with the power of the larger universe and reach a state of enlightenment and peace. Buddha s teaching, or dharma, begins with the Four NobleRead More Hinduism Essay4899 Words   |  20 PagesIndia there are six orthodox schools of philosophy which recognize the authority of the Vedas as divine revelation, and they generally function as pairs - Nyaya and Vaishesika, Mimamsa and Vedanta, and Samkhya and Yoga. Those who did not recognize this authority were the Jains, Buddhists, and materialists. Even in India where spiritual ideas dominate the culture there were some who were skeptical of those ideals and held to a materialist view of the world; they were called Carvaka, and their doctrineRead MoreI Visited Muddy Wate r Zen Temple2124 Words   |  9 Pagesvisit a Buddhist temple, but never made the effort to actually go. Muddy Water Zen Temple practices Mahayana Buddhism Taego Order in which they emphasize meditation, discipline, and individual effort to reach nirvana. Before participating in the public religious service, I acquired background knowledge about Mahayana Buddhism from the Virtual Lectures, ROAT, and Anthology. Mahayana Buddhism is a different school of Buddhism that branched off from Theravada Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhist do not agreeRead More Buddhism Essay examples1245 Words   |  5 Pagestradition). The story of Buddha’s birth is encrusted with myth and fable as that of any God-figure in human history. For instance, he is said to have issued from his mother’s womb stating that his cycle of rebirths was about to end. Again, some Buddhists devoutly accept the fables as we in the west accept Christmas narratives, while others choose to focus on the truths beneath the myths. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;We do know with some certainty that the Buddha was born to a royal family in northernRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Siddhartha s Life1758 Words   |  8 Pagestwenty-nine he left his wife, his son, and his palace behind to lead a life of extreme asceticism that he believed could lead him to the answer of overcoming human suffering. For six years Siddhartha Gautama followed asceticism and meditation. He practiced the yoga discipline under two masters, Arada Kalama, and Udraka Ramaputra. Not finding the answers under his two teachers he left to engage in extreme asceticism and was joined by five others; Ashvajit, Vashpa, Bhadrika, Mahanaman, and KaundinyaRead MoreThe Relationship Between Meditation and Mental and Physical Health1801 Words   |  8 PagesRooting back to its’ ancient times, meditation has been around for thousands of years, especially in the Eastern part of the world and has spread to the Western countries in early 1970s. Contrary to what I initially believe meditation is, prior to taking this course, which is the mental concentration on something, meditation is actually a thoughtless awareness of an individual’s surroundings. Dhyana, the generic Sanskrit term for meditation is so much more than being alone with one’s thoughtsRead MoreHow The Internet Has Changed The World2007 Words   |  9 PagesDalai Lama, have their own social media pages. The purpose of this paper is to show the ways that the internet has made Buddhism more accessible to the western world via online academic literature, social media, and the webpages of individual Buddhist monasteries. This is important because it highlights the knowledge, community, and practices and prayer associated with Buddhism and shows how this religion is adapting to an ever changing world. As part of my research, I looked at a number ofRead MoreThe Dalai Lama And The World s Oldest Religion1975 Words   |  8 PagesIndia.† Having a complex understanding of the diversity that exists in the world today may allow one to be more accepting of those who are different. When Gandhi was asked if he was a Hindu he responded, â€Å"Yes I am, I am also a Muslim, a Christian, a Buddhist, and a Jew.† Gandhi saw the value in all religions because in broad strokes, they all contain similar morals.  Hinduism incorporates Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha which are known as th e four realms of life. Dharma refers to an individuals rightful

My Five Selves Essay Example For Students

My Five Selves Essay My five selves are physical, intellectual, social, emotional, and spiritual. My physical self is quite healthy because I fulfill the requirements of the FITT principle. The letters of FITT represent frequency, intensity, time and type. My intellectual self is interesting because I am mainly right-brained which means that I tend to use my creativity more than my mathematical skills. I am also a visual learned which is connected to me being right-brained. My social self consist of friends, family, and my surroundings. I spend most of my time at home with my family. Whenever I am with my friends, I observe their behaviours and listen to their opinions. I am more of an independent type of person. Being with different people has influenced me into appreciating different cultures and beliefs. I have learned things that have now been incorporated into my own set of beliefs and values. I greatly value freedom of thought, friends and family. My emotional self deals with feelings and my abilit y to handle the demands of life. The spiritual self is all about my beliefs, values, religion and my life philosophies. By satisfying the needs of all five selves, the result can be holistic wellness which is the ability to feel good about myself and others.Physical fitness is having ample energy and the ability to perform daily activities without being exhausted. My energy usually depends on the amount of sleep and food I get. If I have too much or too little sleep, I dont look forward to the day and am not enthusiastic about doing things. If I do not have a complete breakfast, it affects my energy level. When I have a good breakfast, and enough sleep, I can go through a whole day with enough energy and alertness to do many things. I have relatively good flexibility because I stretch a lot which increases the range of movement around my joints. I have muscular endurance which means that I am able to do repetitions over a length of time. Althought I have muscular endurance, I do not have muscular strength. I do not find that I am able to lift extremely heavy objects. I have adequate agility because I can move with speed and can change direction fairly quickly. My ability to balance myself changes very often. Sometimes I can balance in awkward positions, and other times I cannot. I have good speed maybe because I am an ectomorphor or maybe because I have a good cardiorespiratory system. My normal heart rate is 70 bpm, and my target heart rate is 155-185 bpm.Intellectual self deals with memory, learning, problem solving, decision making and creativity. I am a visual learner which means that I learn best by seeing the information. I am also right brained which indicates that I use my creativity more than my mathematical skills. Whenever I have a problem to solve, I usually draw a picture of the problem and draw a few possible solutions. This helps me to see and organize the problem more clearly. I make my decisions in a similar way. I list my possible choices, th en write down the good points, bad points, and consequences to each choice. For the past 5 years, Ive been keeping summer journals to remind me of my summer memories. To illustrate my entries, I use my creativity. Since a young age, Ive always liked drawing. In general, my short term memory is better than my long term memory. I find that I can only recall long term memories if they are important to me, or if they are dramatic experiences. A few examples of my childhood memories are my grandma reading to me, falling off a bridge in kindergarten, slipping in a swim change room in grade one, following my dad to work when my mom was pregnant, and flying a kite I made in grade one at Ravina Park. The people who affect my social life the most are probably my family. I have a rather large family including my aunts, uncles, and cousins. They are whom I spend most of my spare time with. My family usually gathers every weekend for dinner. I am very open to different religions, cultures, and p ractices because I know many people with different backgrounds and beliefs. Since Ive been influenced by various people, Ive learned at a very young age to never judge people by how they look, dress, feel, or act. I am very fortunate to have learned that lesson at a young age because many people still do not understand the importance of accepting differences. In groups, I prefer to listen to what others have to say rather than contributing to the discussion. I like listening to the opinions of others, then comparing to them to my own opinions. I do not mind group work, but I think I do better at individual work because all the thoughts are my own and I contribute to one hundred percent of the work. My social self is most greatly influenced by my family and myself.In my life right now, my emotions are very unorganized. To me, my basic needs are clothing, food, shelter, and love. My emotional self also needs a sense of direction. Right now, my life seems to be motionless, and not goin g anywhere. I am not fully satisfied with myself at this point, but I do not completely hate it. My basic needs are present, but not as fulfilled as I would like them to be. The demands of life are getting harder, and I have not yet found the will to meet those demands to the best of my ability. I consider myself to be very emotional or sensitive to serious issues. I am usually stressed when I have more than one test on the same day. Exam time usually gets me stressed. During that time, I dont get enough sleep, and that causes me to become grumpy and miserable. During the times when my brother and sister were being born, I spent a lot of time by myself or following my dad to his night-shift work. After my brother and sister were born, I didnt receive much attention, so I learned to become independent and find things for myself to do. Many of my emotions are influences by my surroundings and the things Ive learned.I believe that my spiritual self is the most important out of the five selves. I do not have a certain religion that I belong to and practice, but I believe in a bit of everything. I believe that after death, the soul goes somewhere and waits for a new life or purpose. Life follows a predetermined course and the purpose of life is to live, love, learn, and die. All of lifes obstacles, and experiences occur for a reason, which is for you to learn from them. Basically, everyone is destined to live life a certain way and everything that happens is supposed to happen for your own good even if they dont seem positive or meaningful at the time. I believe that all people are equal and should treated equally no matter their height, weight, colour, race, religion, or anything else. Everyone is entitled to their own opinions and nobody has the right to judge another by their differences. I live by many life philosophies, but one of my favorites is If you want a rainbow, you must put up with the rain. Other philosophies I believe are Dream as youll live forever. Live as youll die today, Whether you think you can or you think you cant, youre always right, We are all angels with one wing, who can only fly when holding onto each other, and Its nice to be important, but its more important to be nice.To achieve holistic wellness, I must fulfill the basic needs of each of the five selves. I think that I would need to improve my emotional self and self esteem the most to find holistic wellness. I find that my emotional self needs the most help because I tend to avoid and run away from conflicts rather than solving the problem. A method I could use to improve that area would be to express myself more and continuing to write journals. Talking to my parents might also help. I believe that my spiritual self is my strongest self. One reason for this is because there can always be expectations of the intellectual self, emotional self, social self, and physical self, but there are no limits or expectations for the spiritual self. The spiritual self is m ostly a feeling that doesnt need to be learned. To continue to improve each of my selves, I will try to get more sleep to clear my head so I can organize my wants, needs, and priorities. If my thoughts are less hectic, I can think better and therefore improve my selves. In conclusion, my physical, intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual self are being used each and every day of my life, and therefore I need to take care of myself. .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa , .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa .postImageUrl , .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa , .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa:hover , .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa:visited , .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa:active { border:0!important; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa:active , .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a7ce946202f633160ec567092de6eaa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Paper On The Book, Fences Essay

Obesity in Western Culture

Table of Contents Introduction Education and Obesity Money and Junk Food Obesity and Popular Culture Obesity in Saudi Arabia Conclusion Reference List Introduction Western society at the present is experiencing an epidemic of obesity where the poor, for the first time in history, are proportionately the most obese sector of the population. Evidence of this can be seen in the work of Cloake (2013) wherein his study shows that â€Å"nearly 33% of adults within the U.S. and the U.K. are obese with nearly 90% of those cases attributed to individuals with low incomes† (Cloake, 2013, pp. 24).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity in Western Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main problem is that on average there are â€Å"nearly 300,000 deaths a year from obesity related illnesses resulting in billions of dollars spent on health problems such as high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure et c† (Cloake, 2013, pp. 24). This is a surprising concept given that excess body weight and fat is normally connected with the excessive eating habits of the rich. The problem with obesity among the poor has reached a point that international popular culture representations of Western society have depicted an unflattering image of its poor population as being â€Å"a culture for the morbidly obese with cartoonish representations often showing an obese man using a tiny scooter in order to line up at the nearest McDonald’s† (Menifield, Doty Fletcher 2008, pp. 83-88). Unfortunately, this representation of Western people is closer to the truth than most people realize. Junk food is the primary contributor to the obesity problem due its convenience and prevalence which has resulted in the current obesity problem that Western society now faces. Education and Obesity Habits developed early on in childhood have been shown to carry well into adulthood. As such, children wh o are currently overweight and have no educational awareness regarding their current health problems will be at risk for obesity as they grow older (Datar Nicosia 2012, pp. 312-337). Long term studies such as those by Yaniv, Rosin Tobol (2009) which looked at the factors related to obesity as children grew into adulthood noted that â€Å"the education of children and parents regarding the consumption of proper foods (i.e. no junk food) contributed greatly to lower rates of obesity among those that were more aware. In such cases, it was noted that the middle and upper class were less likely to develop cases of obesity as compared to the lower class due to the awareness of parents regarding the problems inherent in junk food consumption resulting in them feeding their children healthier options† (Yaniv, Rosin Tobol 2009, pp. 823-830). What the Yaniv, Rosin Tobol (2009) reveals is that education played an important role in determining rates of obesity with awareness equatin g into a lower likelihood of junk food consumption as parents sought better and less fattening options for their children.  Among those that have had the opportunity to learn proper eating habits through educational programs and proper schooling, it is often the case that they actively avoid junk foods and seek out healthier options when it comes to what they eat (Cale Harris 2013, pp. 433-452).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, â€Å"people who do not know any better, usually the uneducated poor, often consume junk food and eat more than what they actually need† (Cale Harris 2013, pp. 433).  The problem with junk food is that due to their convenience and serving size most people are not aware that on average they consume more than 3,000 calories a day from the various forms of junk food they eat (Devaux et al. 2011, pp. 121-159). An average adult male in the U.S. and the U.K. should consume only 65 grams of fat and 2,500 calories in a single day yet a burger and fries combo meal with a large coke available at the local McDonald’s is equivalent to more than 50 grams of fat and 1500 calories within a single sitting (Cale Harris 2013, pp. 433-452). As explained by Devaux et al. (2011), this would not be a problem should that be the only large meal that an average person would eat throughout the day, however, â€Å"this meal is supplemented by various chips, sodas and various other unhealthy options throughout the day which brings the total calorie count to 4,000 calories or more† ((Devaux et al. 2011, pp. 121). With diets often exceeding the daily allotted calories needed by the body, this results in a large proportion of the consumed calories to be turned into fat resulting in a person become obese over an extended period of time as they continue to consume more junk food. Money and Junk Food Through the study o f Datar and Nicosia (2012) which examined the food choice predilections of the poor, the middle class and the upper class, it was seen that the junk food, in the form of burgers, fries, shakes and other such types of food constituted a higher percentage of daily meals of the poor as compared to the upper and middle class. The main problem lies in the fact that the poor often have no choice but to eat junk food such as burgers and fries since it is the cheapest and most affordable choice that they can obtain (Datar Nicosia 2012, pp. 312-337). Healthy food that contains an appropriate amount of protein, carbohydrates and vitamins that is prepared within a restaurant is often quite expensive and out of the reach of the urban poor. Not only that, the preparation time and the effort necessary to cook vegetables and other nutritious forms of food at home increases the appeal of junk food since it comes already cooked and ready for consumption (Datar Nicosia 2012, pp. 312-337).Advertisin g We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity in Western Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other end of the spectrum, the middle and upper class can afford a more diverse diet with healthier options and less fat resulting in lower rates of obesity for this particular segment of the population (Magid 2011, p. 13). Based on this, it can be seen that there is a distinct correlation between income levels and the prevalence of obesity in certain sectors of the population. Obesity and Popular Culture Studies such as those by Wallis (2004) have shown that obesity among the poor is not only caused by a lack of education and low levels of monetary income but also by popular culture influences through the media. On average nearly 10,000 TV ads appear within a given year which focus on promoting the products of various restaurants and companies. Children in particular are targeted by fancy commercials advertising sugary swe ets through the use of cleverly crafted cartoonish elements in the commercial itself. Wallis (2004) in his study shows that the poor, more so than the upper and middle class rely on television as their primary source of entertain. This is related to the lack of substantial levels of income for the poor that was mentioned earlier which results in limited options for entertainment. Since TV advertisements are an extension of popular culture it can be seen that popular culture is one of the primary reasons behind the obesity problem America now faces due to this patronage of products that are not only unhealthy but cause people to become obese as a result of their consumption (Wallis 2004, pp. 78-89). The power of advertising should not be underestimated since it has been shown that TV ads are one of the best ways to convince people to buy a certain product (Moodie et al. 2006, pp. 133-138). From this it can be seen that the causes behind obesity is not merely the fast food culture tha t western society find itself in but also the actions of various corporations that promote with wild abandon their products without taking into consideration the possible ramification on the population (Obesity in America: What’s driving the epidemic? 2012, p. 5). Obesity in Saudi Arabia When examining the case of Saudi Arabia there are two unique points of interest: the first is that country has only a few fast food establishments and the culture of consuming junk has yet to become prevalent, however, Saudi Arabia also happens to have one of the highest rates of obesity in the world with nearly 25% of the population being obese (Al-Rethaiaa, Fahmy, Al-Shwaiyat 2010, pp. 39-48). Based on an examination of the work of Al-Rethaiaa, Fahmy, Al-Shwaiyat (2010), the main source of obesity in the country was linked to its high rates of diabetes which was connected to the popularity of the consumption of sweet dates, high carbohydrate foods as well as the general lack of physical e xercise most people get.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such a problem, as explained by Al-Rethaiaa, Fahmy, Al-Shwaiyat (2010), is due to the lack of education among the general population regarding the necessity of proper eating habits in order to prevent one’s self from getting fat. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be stated that education and income have a direct impact on the likelihood of a person becoming obese. With lower income levels an individuals food choices become limited which, when combined with low levels of awareness as a result of a lack of education, leads a person to make unhealthy food choices in life. Combined with the effect of popular culture through the media, this paper has proven that in order to avoid become obese it is necessary to both educate the poor regarding the foods they eat as well as provide a means for them to make healthier food choices. Reference List Al-Rethaiaa, A. S., Fahmy, A. A., Al-Shwaiyat, N. M. (2010) Obesity and eating habits among college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross secti onal study. Nutrition Journal, pp. 939-48. Cale, L. (2013) Every child (of every size) matters’ in physical education! Physical education’s role in childhood obesity. Sport, Education Society, 18 (4), pp. 433-452. Cloake, F. (2013) Our big fat fear. New Statesman, 142(5158), pp. 24-28. Datar, A., Nicosia, N. (2012) Junk Food in Schools and Childhood Obesity. Journal Of Policy Analysis Management, 31(2), pp. 312-337. Devaux, M., Sassi, F., Church, J., Cecchini, M., Borgonovi, F. (2011) Exploring the Relationship Between Education and Obesity. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, (1), pp. 121-159. Magid, J. (2011) Just Junk?. Current Health Kids, 34 (7), pp. 13. Menifield, C. E., Doty, N., Fletcher, A. (2008) Obesity in America. ABNF Journal, 19( 3), pp. 83-88. Moodie, R., Swinburn, B., Richardson, J., Somaini, B. (2006) Childhood obesity – a sign of commercial success, but a market failure. International Journal Of Pediatric Obesity, 1 (3), pp. 133-138. Obesity in America: What’s driving the epidemic?. (2012). Harvard Men’s Health Watch, 16(7), 5-7. Wallis, C. (2004) The Obesity WARRIORS. Time, 163 (23), pp. 78-89 Yaniv, G., Rosin, O., Tobol, Y. (2009) Junk-food, home cooking, physical activity and obesity: The effect of the fat tax and the thin subsidy. Journal Of Public Economics, 93(5/6), pp. 823-830. This essay on Obesity in Western Culture was written and submitted by user Harvey Cole to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bycatch Essay Example

Bycatch Essay Bycatching is when fishermen only concentrate on few fish species with the high commercial value such as salmon, tuna, and flounder, while other species are unintentionally caught and then discarded. â€Å"Particularly the Northeast and Western Pacific and in American legislation Bycatch means species/sizes/sexes of fish which are discarded,† (2008, July 29). The FAO Corporate Document Repository (2000) stated, â€Å"Majority of these catches, however, originates from the Sicilian Channel during high summer, being due to trawlers based in Sicily† (para. 0). My plan is to sustain by reducing the amount of Bycatch and developing uses for the Bycatch that remains. Making sure that the community agrees with me, which we can stop killing off the different species in the ocean or find a better use of the animals’ remains when they do can them. Develop a program with activities and their affects, schedule a presentation day and time, invite the people or participants in the community, and research the effects of Bycatches. Meaning we have to address the problem Bycatching is causing to the people or other species. In the meantime there will be some people thinking that is alright to catch these different species, so that they will not be in danger when they are out in the ocean. While the other people wishing that they would stop killing these animals for just the money. How could someone just do it for the money? That is the main question they are asking others. People go around saying, â€Å"they are going to kill each other anyway and they are doing them a favor Bycatching. Every living creature should be treated as if they were human like the people in the surrounding community. They do not see how it will affect the other animals by throwing the remains back into the ocean. Not knowing they are affecting the water, which might leave the other animals sick or they began to die off one by one. For example, Sea turtles, dolphins, seals, whales, and other aquatic organisms are accidentally caught and killed in addition to the target fish. We will write a custom essay sample on Bycatch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bycatch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bycatch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the plan my challenges are as follow; the fishermen are trying to catch the different fish such as salmon, tuna, and flounder; while their nets are in the water they do not intend to catch the sea creatures such as dolphins, sea turtles, et cetera. The limitations many nations extended their limits of jurisdiction to 320 km (200 mi) offshore. Which we can only do so much about the fishermen accidently or intentionally catch sea turtles, dolphins, seals, et cetera. They will have to implicate the other people who intend to elp out with the plan. This action removed most fisheries from international use, because more than 90 percent of the world’s fisheries are harvested in fairly shallow waters close to land. This policy was supposed to prevent overharvesting by allowing nations to regulate the amounts of fishes and other seafood harvested from their waters. However, many countries also have a policy of open management, in which all fishing boats of that country ar e given unrestricted access to fishes in national waters. My plan will not put the fishermen out of a job, but to ensure that they are trying to watch out for catching the endanger species in their nets. If the fishermen did not have a job the people in the community will not be able to eat the fish and this may cause a riot or protest against them for trying to Bycatching. This will have scientist out of jobs also, because they are studying the species and how they are important. People would not know about these different species if they were not caught at all, which would have left everyone speechless. For example, people were to get attacked by or came in contact with these species. They would not know what to do or what it was. My plan will not only save, reduce Bycatching, and find something to do with the remains but help the community. References Bycatch. (2008, July 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15:29, August 10, 2008, from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Bycatcholdid=228538447 FAO Corporate Document Repository. (2000). THE IMPACT OF FISHING ON VULNERABLE GROUPS AND HABITATS. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from http://www. fao. org/docrep/007/y5594e/y5594e04. htm#TopOfPage

buy custom An Innovative and Problem Solving Banking System essay

buy custom An Innovative and Problem Solving Banking System essay The company has set its standards to creating innovation and problem solving mechanisms for all its operations. This aspect creates unique attribute of the desire to being efficient in their service delivery. Problem The ownership of the company is at a problem, according to a survey conducted, the clients were gotten to be not that satisfied with the services being offered. It is as a result that they may not maintain the accounts and become loyal customers to the company. In addition to the customers having demonstrated luck of contentment, they end up spreading it to others with no consideration for the legitimacy of their claim that ends up giving a bad name for the company. The company has also been attributed to the poor service offering of not giving the relevant information to customers. They instead clog the customers with huge chunks of information that are irrelevant and are mostly in small font that are hard to read (O'Connor, 2009). Another problem that most of the banks have is the problem of queues. Most of the customers have been used to following queues that tend to waste a lot of time. This lies in the length of time spend in attending to a customer. Solution The company attempts to create a unique attribute concerning the problem raised by the clients. Though not termed to as being the best and most successful method of handling it, it will do the job that will go a long way to solving the company. A good instance is gotten from the Occupy Wall Street. The banking system is not known to acquiring credits as they have taken up a negative attribute. The company with its interest in mind aims to increase their revenues, bonuses and good shareholders. For all of this to be chieved the company needs to lift its operations considering the manner in which information is passed to other customers who are willing and able to create an account with the company. The legal and bank system of the company is not rigid and requires rigid system to make successful its operations. The language used in the banking system should be liable in the operations of the company. The company ought to transform its operations with the attempt to give customers the reason to continue as well as to start to bank with the company. The company should put in place steps that are meant to offer the customers brief but clear highlights of what the company is about, the services it offers and offer solutions to customers in the most efficient and effective mode known. The customer has to manage their account with highlights of only the most relevant issues that address their concerns. This is best done with an easy read format. Additionally, the customers are bound to ask questions on varied number of issues concerning banking, the company instead of throwing away this information it may be used to add benefit to the company. Information should not be thrown around to the customers; mostly irrelevant information and huge words. There is a far better method that customers will not have knowledge of but has proven to be successful. The company ought to define the language for the customers, they are not supposed to be left vulnerable to big words that they do not know of or they will struggle to know. A simple and easy mode of addressing the issues ought to be available for them, take for instance when the customer wants to check his or her account. Another much better method that involves accessing information is to give the client the opportunity to look for information in a reference material (Ryan, 2003). This is best done by placing a brochure that gives information to the customer of what the company did initially offer to the customers, what it currently offers and what other new services it aims to add to the existing services. The company aims to put more emphasis on what on other banks trail and show signs of weakness in the services they give to their customers and improve on that while similarly adding value to what they have gotten a strong basis. The problem of queuing in the banks can be solved with sourcing ideas from varied forms of industries that it had no connection. This problem lies in open innovation that company attempts to put into place. Benefit An effective customer service has the benefit of retaining the customers as well as improving on the morale for the company. The company is hence placed in a situation where it can focus on other innovative and developing activities. The introduction of queues will go a long way to giving customers the relevant information of what they need. The brochure is a simple yet easy method of giving customers the most relevant yet specific information desired. Time and money will hence be saved. The benefit that can be gotten from the solution on queuing is that the company will be using a limited number of times in attending to their customers. The introduction of ticketing based on FASTPASS system as applied in Disney has been far successful in limiting the amount of time spent. The ask With the company aiming to improve its services solely is it really willing and ready to gain from other companies? Even considering that this is a business there are times that call for teamwork and cooperation. The other real question goes to in addition to improving and applying these solutions as recommended above, what steps are taken to return or even attract the lost customers there initially. 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Computer R us case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer R us case study - Assignment Example siness in particular the Computer R Us where as the customer satisfaction deals with the experience of the customer who use the products provided by Computer R Us and services of Complete Care. The division of Computer R us (Complete Care) is recently facing some issues that results in customer dissatisfaction and therefore will lead to an impact on the satisfaction of the customers of Computer R Us that will result is loss of revenues. It is important for the company to take proper measures to adopt effectiveness wit in the operations that will result in customer satisfaction and hence the company will earn above average returns and customer loyalty. The research is quantitative in nature; the tools that will be used are the descriptive analysis, cross tabulation, questionnaire and regression analysis. The research approach is deductive and the analysis method would be running tests on SPSS (statistical analysis tool). Descriptive statistics provides with a descriptive coefficients that are brief, these summarize the given data; these coefficients can either be representation of the defined population or the sample used in the research. The determinants describe the central tendency and the measures of changes/variability or dispersion of the data. The descriptive analysis will give the idea of the means standard deviation of different variables/statistics used in the questionnaire and regression analysis. Cross tabulation is used to identify and compare the relationship between two variables. The cross tabulation will depict the variations of different responses with regards to the frequencies and year of association of customers with the company (Computer R Us). The questionnaire is designed in a way that all the important elements of customer satisfaction and effectiveness of services are covered. The identified elements of Customer Satisfaction selected are: The customer perceived image of the product and service is important. The customer’s

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example The paper tells that business organizations themselves realize that they owe a commitment towards the society which gives them an opportunity to establish themselves, expand their operations and finally generate profits out of their activities. In the opinion of Dahl, business enterprises are formed and sustained only as a form of a favored privilege of the Government and the society. Therefore, the social citizens will never consider the business firm as an enterprise which survives only for the purpose of making profits. The citizens through the State Government provide special rights, authorities, allowances and protections to the organizations and in return expect that the firms would undertake some activities to contribute to their well-being. Dahl emphatically declares that the existence of the business corporations is significantly dependent on the cooperation of the social citizens and therefore, enterprises have an obligation to make a positive contribution towards their liv ing conditions. Thus, firms implement various CSR functions to fulfill their commitment towards the society at large. From the definitions, it is evident that CSR refers to the relationship which the business corporations develop with the society within which they function. Authors Werther and Chandler have highlighted a unique aspect of the issue: CSR encompasses the commitment of the firms towards the society as well as the obligations of the social citizens towards the business corporations. In this context, society has been defined as an entity which encompasses all stakeholders and comprising groups that are involved in some way in the firm’s operations.... In the opinion of Dahl (1973), business enterprises are formed and sustained only as a form of a favored privilege of the Government and the society. Therefore, the social citizens will never consider the business firm as an enterprise which survives only for the purpose of making profits. The citizens through the State Government provide special rights, authorities, allowances and protections to the organizations and in return expect that the firms would undertake some activities to contribute to their well-being. Dahl emphatically declares that the existence of the business corporations is significantly dependent on the cooperation of the social citizens and therefore, enterprises have an obligation to make a positive contribution towards their living conditions. Thus, firms implement various CSR functions to fulfill their commitment towards the society at large (Banerjee, 2008 p.12). How does a firm decide on its CSR From the definitions, it is evident that CSR refers to the relat ionship which the business corporations develop with the society within which they function. Authors Werther and Chandler have highlighted a unique aspect of the issue: CSR encompasses the commitment of the firms towards the society as well as the obligations of the social citizens towards the business corporations. In this context, society has been defined as an entity which encompasses all stakeholders and comprising groups that are involved in some way in the firm’s operations. The stakeholders of a corporate organization include the â€Å"consumers, employees, suppliers, creditors and supervising authorities. The local community citizens and the environment agents are also considered as the

Elements Of Design In A Play Essay Example for Free

Elements Of Design In A Play Essay There are many things which can both attribute and take away from the overall production of a performance or play such as a Shakespeare play. Such things include costumes, props, lighting, set, and sound. All of these factors are vital in the ending effect that the performance has on the viewing audience. Firstly, when attending a play, their are several things that one will notice; all of which will contribute to the sufficiency or insufficiency of the performance. Among these many things include costumes. Costumes are considered to be one of the most influential and important factors or aspects of the play itself. For example, the colors of the costume help to set the mode and theme of the play. If the play is considered to be a somber or tragic and sorrowful play, then the colors of the costume may be dark and morbid. The darkness of the costumes will add to the morbidness of the play. This is a considered to be a vital aspect by many to any play or performance. However, if a play is uplifting and happy and the costumes should also represent the same thing. They too should be uplifting and bright. Thus, the colors of the costumes should be bright and colorful. Therefore, a happy play representing colorful costumes on their actors is vital in the overall production of the play because it adds to the joyfulness and bright aura that is to be represented through the performance. Another important factor which importantly attributes to the success of a play is the sound or the music. Without the proper music, the play will not appropriately fit with the story-line as it should. For example, with a tragedy, such as Romeo and Juliet, much of the music is somber and sad. Without the emotion emanating from this music, the final influence of the production would not be the same as if the music were cheerful and happy throughout the entire play. Also, with a play that is cheerful and happy, the music must be cheerful and bright. Sound is vital in any performance and play. Without it, the play will be dull and unfitting with the plot of the story. The music adds to the emotion and the effect of the play. Next, the set itself is also extremely important in contributing to the overall success of the play or performance. It must be carefully detailed and match with the era or time that the play is supposed to be taken place in. For example, if you were having a play that was supposed to have taken place before electricity was invented and the set included objects such as light bulbs and television sets, this would conflict with the entire plot, because it would not make any sense. Thus, the set is extremely important. Another extremely and vitally important aspect that attributes to the success or failure of plays and productions are props. Props are anything from pots and pans to furniture and food. Whichever props are used in a play should be affiliated with the time period that the play was supposed to take place in, just as the set should be. Finally, our last and equally important attributing aspect for plays is lighting. Without the proper lighting a play can be a complete and utter failure. However, with the necessary lighting that is require to see each and every prop, background, and costume, the play should certainly be a success if all of the other aspects are followed through properly. SOURCES: Musical: Cats (Broadway)

The Project Scope Of Technical Requirements Information Technology Essay

The Project Scope Of Technical Requirements Information Technology Essay The project scope of the antique 2000 was to expand the sales of their products so that they could be sold in every corner of the world. Products which they wanted to sell among other things were being purchased from auctions and local antique shops and sell them on the Online using Internet for the profit price. To achieve their aim they came out with an idea of designing, developing and implementing a web based system in which customer from different parts can access to their products, hence increase the sales of their products. In one of the ways to succeed in their project, they initially managed to allocate $70,000 usd for purchasing the hardware and development of a system. 1.1.1 Technical Requirements of Antique 2000 Having seen the objectives and aims of the project, the next step will be to look into Technical issues in the implementation of a new system. Looking at the growth of Information technology, we can assume that most of us know how to use internet, how to browse internet for information. So for the antique 2000, allowing the people to find their needs on net by a click is very important to be considered. For this we need a website. Selling the products on net is also known as Ecommerce and which widely adopted by western countries. The major phase of designing Ecommerce is development of website and we need to look into many factors as follows. Programmers/web designers You have 4 programmers available; all are skilled in coding Visual Basic: Two are skilled at developing complex databases and spreadsheets. One is skilled at developing GUIs. One has skills in all areas, but will take 50% more time to do a task compared to the three specialists above. In order to come up with a highly designed and secured web, there is a need to hire competent developers who could utilize their skills in developing the site. It is expected these developers to be competent in Visual Studio Package software since it is the recommended package by the clients of the system that is to be implemented This is among the most important area of technical issues since the success of this project depend mostly in these experts. Web Designing Tool It is expected that after the process of designing a system is completed, the site will be developed using Visual studio 2008 software. The developing team decided to use this software because of its advanced features compared to others like HTML which do not have advanced secured features. By using VS2008, it is expected that the developing team could come up with the most secured website which could not be easily hacked by hackers and intruders. Web Hosting and Web Space This is another crucial area of technical requirements since after the implementation of the system is complete, there is a need for the website to be online so that customers from different corner of the world could have an easily access to the products of their company. Among other issues which needs be to taken into account is choosing the Internet Service Provider (ISP) who could help in this process of hosting the system online. To host a website on net, it is necessary to own our own space on web, i.e web space. Web Space is the place where one can host or place their web pages which are available to the customers. Here we could find the financial issues associated depending on the ISPs demand. Again the cost of web space depends on the competition existing between different ISPs. Web Maintenance As soon as the implementation of a system is complete, the next step is the maintenance of the system which includes error fixing, updates and necessary modifications because requirements are incorrectly understood or specified, requirement analysis is not completed in time, and the needs of the business have change. The Maintenance phase is being categorized into three types for the comprehensive running of the web system namely: corrective maintenance, perfective maintenance and adaptive maintenance 1.1.2 Non technical requirements for the Antique 2000 Licensed Office This is one of the most important aspects of non-technical requirements in implementing the Antique 2000 office. There will be some legal procedures to be follow to get the license of operating their business. The motive behind having the license is to establish the type or nature of the business the Antique 2000 is planning to do. This process usually involve some costs to be incurred Buildings This is another important area of non-technical requirements since the physical location of the office needs to be established. Obviously, it is expected that some funds will have to be used in the process of furnishing the office and legal cost incurred in acquiring the premise. Funding the Implementation This is the primary non-technical requirement of the Antique 2000 since almost for every step/process to be completed/continue, will basically depends on the availability of funds to finance the implementation of the project. Initially; they had allocated $70,000 for purchasing the hardware and develop a web-based system. Computers Developing Antique 2000 goes together with the devices in which the system is expected to be installed, here we mean computers in which at the end of the day, is going to be the place in which the site is expected to run. We also believe that users who will be accessing the site will be having enough exposure on the general knowledge of how to use the computers and particularly internet. 1.1.3 Things to be considered while designing website. The following are possible requirements to be taken into account when designing a web site for Antique 2000 namely: Browser environment Web designers of Antique 2000, must build pages in a manner that creates a few barriers as possible to getting to information, regardless of the users ability and the device used to access the Web. Internet Explorer Browser, Mozilla fire fox User Preferences As we have just insisted on the importance of accessibility in a web based system, user preferences is another important area which the wed designers of Antique 2000 must take into account as it gives the user a choice to change the format or layout of the page to his/her choice. This ensures that users who need to change the layout to meet special needs, such as enlarging type to compensate for impaired vision are able to do so. Simply by changing preference settings in the browser, anyone can affect the appearance and functionality of web pages in the following ways like changing font size and style, change the background and colors, turn images off, turn off pop-up windows etc. Platforms Another area which is expected to affects how users of Antique 2000 web site is the platforms of their computers since there will be a high probability that the expected users of the site might having different platforms installed into their computers. In order to make the system cop with different platforms, the following strategies could be of help as follows: There are some fonts, which are available in many platforms; the designers must provide a list back-up font in case your specified font is not available. Before you decide to use a particular media format, make sure it will be compatible with all platforms. Otherwise the designers of Antique 2000 will have to offer choice between Quick Time, Windows Media and Real Media and let the user making a choice. 1.Web Design, by Jennifer Niederst Robbins ibid pg 35 TASK 2 Resource Allocation and Time Management Resource allocation: Resource allocation is a plan of how the available resources can be used in the most successful way; these resources could be in different ways depending on the nature of the project, which is being done. It could also be the process of allocating resources to different stages of a project, like which resource should be present in the plan and what level of funding it should get. Resources that we refer here can be in terms of funding available, manpower and technical expertise available. The way the management is going to use these resources to achieve its aim and objectives of the project are very vital to the success and existence of the business. Given that the task that wants to design a web based system which could make the business run in a smoother way, it will be very vital to give priority to which departments need extra resources over others. 2.1.1 Resources required for Antique 2000 As we have already seen the desire of the Antique 2000 management to come up with the web based system, and the fact that we have already seen the importance of resource allocation, the next step could be the identification of resources required for the Antique 2000 project which among other things could be as follows: Web based System Designing a web site involves a number of issues from the first step of requirements analysis up to the point where the system is ready for use. The requirements analysis is expected to involve the owners of Antique 2000 who will be responsible in telling the developing team their requirements which they wan the system to meet. This is one of the most important areas since it is the focus of how the system is going to be implemented. Also accurate and up to date information is another important area needs to be considered if the business is to be successful from customers point of view Training During the implementation of the system, it is expected to have people who will be there to provide training to the management of the company so as to enable them have smooth running of the business there will be a need to hire or employ new staff with specialization on Information Technology aspects. In reality the management of Antique 2000will have assign some more resources with regard to funds so that it will help in the investment of the project and conducting training for its expected staff, they will have among other things to have some briefing meetings which will help in downloading worries since they will be having newly means of doing business online and hence there will be a chance that some staff might have fear on it. 2.1.2Time Scales and Allocation of resources: One of the most important parts of any project planning is time scale and time allocation since the delivery of the project will mainly depend on these two issues. If the project is not delivered on time then it is more likely that even the cost might rise up and hence the expected amount profits can as well get lost. During the process of timesclaling, it is important to make sure the allocation of time considers emergency issues or any interruptions that might come across by chance For these two issues to be addressed effectively, it needs experienced project manager who will be able to handle even unforeseen events One of the things that can give credit to the project manager is the ability to estimate the duration needed to implement a project. If timescales and allocation of resources are underestimated, then it is likely that the project might not be finished on times, which will results into the need to allocate more funds and resources unnecessarily. The advantage of chart is that it gives an indication of how task are timed and scheduled on weekly basis, each task and activity have a start and finish date and with the help of the project manager can plan his/her progress. Projects are often best run using simple Timetables and Action Plans. These should be prepared and negotiated with project staff to improve plans and get buy-in. During the project these will contain sufficient control points and deliveries to monitor project progress and take any appropriate remedial action. It gives an outline of time allocated for initiating and completing the project plan for implementing the new IS strategy for Antique 2000, the project is expected to finish after a period of 3 weeks The project shall begun with designing the web pages which can be done externally and need not interfere with normal office operations, therefore the first 1 week for web page design can accommodate the second week for general staff meetings to gauge staff reactions to proposed new strategies, this stage can help the project manager to identify areas where extra caution is needed based on feedback from the staff. The last week would be allocated for providing training for staff, it should also involve handing over the final completed project along with system and user documentation to the management, the report shall also include the progress made and advantages in strategic areas of the business due to the new IS strategy thereby ensuring that there is proper integration between each department during and after implementation of IS strategy. Simultaneously the new IS will be tested for flaws and corrective actions will be taken, 2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gantt_chart (date of access 4th April 09) 3. TUJL;Shttp://www.blurtit.com/q980613.html (date of access 4th April 2009) 4. http://www.builderau.com.au/strategy/projectmanagement (date of access 4th April 2009) TASK 3 Leadership Styles When it comes to managing a team at work or anywhere else, leadership style which is going to be used is crucial to the success of the project. Therefore the understanding of these styles of leadership and their disadvantages can help in one way or another to become a good leader. Basically, there are three types of styles namely; The Democratic style, The Autocratic style, and Laissez-faire. 3.1 The Democratic Style In this style, team participation and involvement is a key component issue. However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Develops plans to help staff evaluate their own performance Allows staff to establish goals Encourages staff to grow on the job and be promoted Recognizes and encourages achievement 3.2 The Autocratic Style This style involves single point of authority and decision-making. Some appropriate conditions to use this system could be for the teams that are not performing, it can as well be used when there is no enough time and your teams are well motivated. The classical approach Manager retains as much power and decision making authority as possible Does not consult staff, nor allowed to give any input Staff expected to obey orders without receiving any explanations Structured set of rewards and punishments Greatly criticized during the past 30 years Gen X staff highly resistant Autocratic leaders: Rely on threats and punishment to influence staff Do not trust staff Do not allow for employee input 3.3 Laissez-faire Style This is the only style that involves letting people do what they want and make their own decision without telling them what to do. This is normally suitable for teams that perform highly creative works which needs good self-skilled and individual skills as the team will be working with a very little or no supervision at all when it comes to decision making. This can create a highly motivated team however the disadvantage is that since there is no clear line of authority the teams are likely to float from the main objectives. Also known as the hands-off ¨ style The manager provides little or no direction and gives staff as much freedom as possible All authority or power given to the staff and they determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own The financial consultant who is there to give advice to the management on financial issues will have to have meeting with the management about the fund required in the implementations of new IS that will make the business being conducted in a modernized way. Any attempt that threatens the job security of the staff is resisted very strongly. This is true of all technological innovations the introduction of which may make several jobs redundant. 5. http://www.skagitwatershed.org/~donclark/leader/leadstl.html (date of access 4th April 2009) TASK 4 TASK FOUR: Effective Communication in Antique 2000 Communication refers to the means in which information can be transferred from the source (sender) to destination (receiver).In other words we can say it is a two way communication process. Communication is a dynamic processà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Through this process we convey a thought or feeling to someone else. Looking at Antique 2000 scenario, it shows a number of problems that act as barrier to communication process. We need to have a through analysis these problems that Antique 2000 is experiencing; and a report that will shows where there is poor Communication and suggested solution to those problems Lack of IT skills to use the new System: One of the important issues to be taken into consideration is the plan of training the Antique 2000 management on how to use the system, this should be included in the project plan in the early stages of development since it will need funds to be allocated for it and this should unmistakably communicated effectively to the management before doing the Implementation. They need to be informed how beneficial is it going to be when it comes to questions from customers with regard to their product present on their websites. During the time of conducting this training, the department managers would have to prepare a good schedule of training so that the exercise would not interfere working hours of the company. Employees need to be informed of the importance of attending the training. The financial consultant who is there to give advice to the management on financial issues will have to have meeting with the management about the fund required in the implementations of new IS that will make the business being conducted in a modernized way. Any attempt that threatens the job security of the staff is resisted very strongly. This is true of all technological innovations the introduction of which may make several jobs redundant. As we had already seen, the existence of more than one Managing Director with different leadership style shown on the Antique 2000 scenario will create some problem, especially when it comes to the point that the customers need some information regarding the products, it can sometimes become difficult depending on the available person to disseminate the information. Suggested solution to this problem could be the need to allocate the person who will be ready to provide assistance to customers. Also the introduction of Antique 2000 website will enable a big number of customer to have an access to the list of all products available online hence reduce the problem of ineffective communication since they will have a chance to access the website even after normal working hours . Another type of problem which is very common is most website is the ability to display information in a proper way. We expect to have effective communication with the Internet Service Provider who hosted the site for further technical assistance. To make life conveniently to the management, the ISP need to respond very quick if at any time, the support is needed. This issue must be included in the terms of contract to ensure it is done effectively for the good convenience of customers. 6. http://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article1409.php (date of access 2nd April 2009) 7. http://accurapid.com/Journal/41communication.htm (date of access 4th April 2009) 8. http://www.helium.com/knowledge/59593-effective-communication-for-project-managers (date of access 6th April 2009) TASK 5 5.0 Mentoring and Coaching Mentoring This process is almost the same as coaching, but the main difference comes from the relationship, whereby a mentor is a very senior staff in an organization and on the other hand, the person who receives guidance is called the Mentees In implementation of mentoring, sharing knowledge and wisdom is one of the important things needs to be taken into account as this problem have been seen in many organization as sometimes you might find that people who are more experienced with good technical knowledge leave the company, this leave the company with no good mentors! One of important issue with mentoring is to make sure the mentees are not forced to participate since this will not make the process successful; they need to be willing so as to make them participate effectively. Since it is mainly an internal process, it will also need the involvement of the organization Despite the advantages and disadvantages, they are both intangible and hence it becomes difficult to weigh them. In this case, advantage could be the increased confidence which is the result of advanced improved skills. And on the other hand, disadvantage could be the negative impression which is the outcome of jealousy, and internal political interest. Coaching This is a process which involves the relationship between two people namely coach and coachee who are on the same level in an organization. A coach needs to be a highly trained and certified since he is the one who will be doing the coaching to the coachee. The most crucial key factor for success in this process is the confidentiality as there are times you finds that it retards the development of successful internal coaching relationship. These two(Coaching and mentoring) are important mechanism to build up a culture since they help shift project thinking, and best practices which at the end of the day, it enables a project management organization to accommodate growth; and increase individual and team satisfaction. 5.1 Possible Areas Where Mentoring and Coaching may be needed As we have already seen above that the basic aim of Mentoring is to develop the abilities of Mentees. During the staff meetings of Antique 2000, one of the issues that are likely to face them was fearful of change in job responsibilities. Here mentoring is very critical as the Mentor can work closely with the staff and develop the confidence and morale of the demoralized staff, it can focus on the individual and develop his / her current skills to scale up to the expected levels of performance which new IS design and strategy will bring We expect Mentoring to be a helpful tool to solve non-technical problems at Antique 2000 as most of the staff will be new to the IS environment. They will have to work together so that it will be easier for the Mentor to know the Mentees problems in the system. Since new IS deployment will create a new working environment, the mentee and mentor may have some unexploited resources and knowledge base which can be explored and be utilized and become of use to the whole organization The common thread uniting all types of coaching mentoring is that these services offer a vehicle for analysis, reflection and action that ultimately enable the client to achieve success in one more areas of their life or work. 9. http://www.coachingnetwork.org.uk/resourcecentre/WhatAreCoachingAndMentoring.htm#definition 10. http://www.brefigroup.co.uk/coaching/coaching_and_mentoring.html(date of access 4th April 2009)

Paul Ehrlich’s Time Bomb Book Review

– In the book â€Å"The Population Bomb† (Literary Digest written in1932) by Paul Ehrlich written in 1968 he states that he prefers the environment over man-kind, to make a balance between the population, the environment and the carrying capacity through population control: â€Å"one billion is the number of humans that Ehrlich says he would find acceptable†. He also made predictions about what the world would undergo by 1970. He predicted that the world would go through serious famine and that hundreds of millions of people would have starved to death since there was not going to be enough food to feed them. But he suggested that the answer to fight against this was very simple: to have population control. He also argued that population control had to begin at home and then push other countries to make the same thing so that the whole world finally combine each other to create the proper balance with population control: â€Å"We must have population control at home†¦We must use our political power to push other countries into programs which combine agricultural development and population control. † Through the writing of this book he is creating consciousness in people to decrease as possible the birth rates in the world. ‘An essay on the principle of Population' – Paul Ehrlich is criticizing the work titled ‘An essay on the principle of Population' which was published in 1978 and concentrates in its author; the economist Thomas Malthus. In this essay, Malthus, becomes aware that with an increasing population food supply has also got to increase, they are directly proportional to each other. The bigger population there is, the bigger the food supply has to be. This work pushed others, like Charles Darwin and the sociologist Karl Marx to come up with their own ideas about this hypothesis. Many modern ideologies think that the carrying capacity of the world is about to be surpassed, that humanity is slowly reaching the carrying capacity of Earth. In other words, that the resources existing in the world, will not be enough to sustain its population. An example of this can be for example Asia, which is no the biggest continent in the world but it contains 1/3 of the world's population. And other countries such as Bangladesh and Niger are experiencing a high population and many people are starving to death. Ehrlich also suggests that due to the decrease in fertility rates because of medical advances (vitamins, vaccines etc) the working population will also be decreased. Nevertheless, other countries that have high indices of growth rates have not suffered from an economic decline. This means that even though that the population is increasing, the working population is enough supply all the old people and young ones. Lastly he suggests that most of the worlds populations living in cities are beginning live in urban areas. Ehrlich's ideas are very pessimistic because none of them include a â€Å"good hypothesis† about the future of the world. He does this because he wants to create awareness and sense in people about population bombs. According to optimistic views, all the advances that have occurred in the world are a positive thing and its actually called population growth. Optimists think that for a country to have more jobs and constantly renewing technology is a good indication that the population is growing correctly. On the other hand, Ehrlich believes that populations should be stopped from increasing more, since later on in time this will become a bigger problem. Ehrlich's ideas nowadays are not that useful, but maybe that his hypothesis and ideologies come true one day or the world takes the path that he suggests and by the writing of his famous book, he stops the world from dying of starvation and famine. One criticism to his ideas is that he does not take into account the development of the countries in terms of political, social, and technological, because the ideas may not apply for the USA but they do for Bangladesh, so his points are very generally done. – What Happened to Catastrophic Predictions Made By Radical Environmentalists? Between the decades of 1960 and 1970, the industry of â€Å"cottage† which it had emerged from books with predictions of catastrophes that could occur because of population growth. Twenty years later, by 1990's, these books were proven to have wrong predictions in them, and that they had also exaggerated the view of the consequences of an increasing population. This piece of work makes a very hard judgment for Paul Ehrlich since he is shown to be as a liar because his predictions had not occurred. However, that didn't stop Ehrlich to keep on writing his â€Å"prophecy† books and predictions. Ehrlich was not seen as a trustworthy person and was considered to be a fake, radical person. – Paul Ehrlich Paul Ehrlich is considered to be the new Malthus. Distinctively from Malthus he never gave up with constantly making predictions. He was waiting until out of a coincidence, his predictions would actually become true. The first prediction that Paul Ehrlich's made was that between the decades of 1970 and 1980, hundreds of millions of people would starve to death. When he did this the fact that future strategies to prevent this might arise was not taken into account. His prediction was totally wrong and his prediction about that the death rates would increase uncontrollably was also wrong. As time went by, famine was decreased because of the countries development. In some countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa, there was plenty of food but due to the fact that there was no political force to deliver this to the people. Ehrlich's intended to call the USA government so that they take charge into the population growth problem. With that, Ehrlich purpose was to provide solutions to his main problem: Population growth. His idea was to include in every food production contraceptives. By this he intended to make everyone take in those products which would make them not produce any offspring and by that decrease the population growth. Ehrlich was wrong; again. To make this plan become a reality many things had to be done first, so it would take a lot of time to have it done. Also, this would be an act against the humanities beliefs and rights and at the same time, (taking into account what year it was when this plan was proposed) it would have been scientifically difficult due to the fact that the procedure could be very and extremely difficult. Ehrlich was pro in Bob Packwood's idea that in order to reduce birth rates, for every child born, a tax should be placed to the parents so by doing this there should be reductions for children being born and therefore the birth rate is reduced. Because of this, pregnancies are less attractive to the population and therefore as explained above, birth rates and growth rates would decrease. Ehrlich suggested another way of decreasing birth rates and growth rates implementing what were called â€Å"luxury taxes† for baby accessories. This meant that the normal price of the baby's accessories will be charged higher than normal; reducing the possibility of a couple to have babies or decrease the number they were expecting to have. At the same time, â€Å"responsibility prizes† as suggested by Ehrlich, would be awarded to those people; men and women who practice abstinence. For example: a couple that has been child-less for 3 years and their husbands were committed to practice a vasectomy, were awarded prizes. Ehrlich also came up with a very harsh and un-human solution. He suggested that any food aid from richer countries to poorer countries should be banned. In this way, the population starves and encourages having less people because food is insufficient for everybody. Many people such as Ehrlich make the â€Å"problem† public, such as the population bomb to create awareness and concern in people and the government. They believe that the problems are taking place now, and not in the future. They want attention and fame from the rest of people. However, most researches have been proven to be incorrect and therefore, did not achieve their goal to attract attention.

“How to Tell a True War Story,” by Tim O’Brien Essay

In the essay, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† Tim O’Brien tells several stories of war to illustrate to his readers the criteria for truth in storytelling. O’Brien offers his readers a guide to telling and determining war stories that are true, for the author, true does not necessarily mean actual or real. Instead, O’Brien tells us what a true war story is, but his requirements are not always clear precise—a true war story â€Å"never seems to end,† (O’Brien 273) â€Å"embarrasses you,† (270) â€Å"are contradictory,† (275) and have an â€Å"uncompromising allegiance to obscenity and evil† (270)—they are defined and given context by the author through the telling of his own accounts. The essayist Jon Krakauer offers up his own version of a war story, of sorts, in his telling of the story of Chris McCandless, a young man not participating in a war of nations, or a conflict with others; he, in his own wor ds, was involved in â€Å"the climactic battle to kill the false being within and victoriously conclude the spiritual pilgrimage† (Krakauer 207). The battlefield for McCandless was not a booby-trapped jungle, saturated with enemies and soldiers for the opposition; no, McCandless’s battlefield was the Alaskan frontier. Like a soldier going to war, McCandless knew that where he was going was dangerous. Krakauer remarks that â€Å"he was fully aware when he entered the bush that he had given himself aperilously (emphasis added) slim margin for error. He knew precisely what was at stake† (Krakauer 219). One can draw many parallels between the essays, or war stories, of Krakauer and O’Brien; they are both provocative, and both use descriptive language and paint vivid pictures in the minds of their reader, they both write of young men in the midst of a conflict—emotional or physical—but the stories differ as well. O’Brien presents his ideas of what makes a true war story; based on these ideas, we can determine that the war story told by Krakauer is not a true war story because it is committe d to morality. There are no lessons in true war stories (O’Brien 269); Krakauer offered a lesson in youth and growth in his story about Christopher McCandless. O’Brien and Krakauer are similar in that they both place importance on relaying to the reader the fact that youth and war go hand in hand. It is mainly the young who serve on the frontlines in battle and who are willing to accept the risks associated with war, and it is also the young who become victims of their own inexperience and succumb to the perils  war—being involved in war does not equate to readiness for war. For instance, O’Brien tells a true war story of two young men, soldiers in the Vietnam; he writes, â€Å"They were kids; they just didn’t know. A nature hike, they thought, not even a war †¦ they were giggling and calling each other yellow mother and playing a silly game they invented† (O’Brien 270). Here, O’Brien sets up his readers with words reminiscent of childh ood, the soldiers could have just as well been two kids at summer camp or in a school yard, or any place where kids play, laugh, and call each other names. O’Brien then takes that childhood scene and infuses it with the brutality of war. He describes how one of the young soldiers who, while playing and laughing, detonated a landmine and was killed. True war stories show the gruesomeness of war—kids die horrific deaths, and life is lost in the blink of an eye. War forces â€Å"kids† to grow up quickly, and not on their own terms. Goofing, giggling, and silliness have no place in war; death is a consequence of playfulness, and youth must quickly give way to maturity. In a true war story, a young man may never have the opportunity to figure out life for himself, war does not afford him the opportunity to come to appropriate conclusions about what is right, wrong, moral, or immoral; he will either die, or he will be so exposed to the death of his friends that his moral compass will be disrupted, and he will engage unconscionable behavior. Krakauer presents a similar of theme of youth in the face of danger. Like O’Brien, Krakauer uses words that construct a rich mental image for the reader; in this case, the image is that of an overly eager child. Krakauer writes, â€Å"The boy could hardly contain his excitement. He was about to be alone in the vast Alaska wilds† (Krakauer 206). Krakauer refers to his subject, Chris McCandless, as â€Å"the boy,† conveying the inexperience and ineptitude and childlike enthusiasm of McCandless who, because of his bubbling excitement, sounds more like a kid in a candy store or a child on Christmas morning, than he does a like man about to confront the isolation and bitter cold of the wilderness. Later on, that excitement would turn to desperation and eventually death—like the soldier in O’Brien’s story, the boy meets an early end to his life. In spite of this similarity, Krakauer does not tell a true war story. For some young warriors, adulthood is thrust upon them, maturity it is meted out with no opportunity fo r choice or deliberation; there is no rite of passage. This is not so for McCandless;  Krakauer recognizes growth and maturity arising in McCandless, noting that he made the decision to postpone the river crossing â€Å"after weighing his options,† then â€Å"settl[ing] on the most prudent course† (Krakauer 212). Learning to tame impetuousness allows one to make moral choices, choices that show respect for oneself and one’s surroundings. This type of learning happens with contemplation, introspection, and time. It is not a true war story; not because Krakauer authored a majestic death for McCandless, but because it seemed McCandless lost his war, and it appeared that the battle was too much for him in the end; because Krakauer wrote of a young man who was able to mature during his war, and was able to learn lessons of humility, morality, and caution during his time alone in the Alaska wilds. Imagery in a war stories can be graphic, but in a true war story there is no redemptive value in the gratuitousness of violent acts. O’Brien writes about Rat Riley’s who after witnessing the death of his best friend, encounters a baby buffalo in an abandoned village, â€Å"He opened up a can of C rations, pork and beans, but the baby buffalo wasn’t interested. Rat shrugged. He stepped back and shot it through the right front knee. It went down hard, then got up again, and Rat took careful aim and shot off an ear. He shot it in the hind quarters and in the little hump at its back. He shot it twice in the flanks. It wasn’t to kill; it was to hurt. He put the rifle muzzle up against the mouth and shot the mouth away†¦. There wasn’t a great deal of pity of the baby water buffalo† (O’Brien 274).† O’Brien uses the graphic details to give his reader a glimpse into the mind of soldier who has lost his innocence, one who has l ost empathy because of the grotesque things he has witnessed. The killing of the baby buffalo was not only a response to the pain (or numbness) felt by Rat, but was also a response to rejection. War makes people to terrible things, things that they may not do otherwise. In a true war story, there is little or no remorse for the terrible act. For a soldier, terrible acts and normal acts may become indistinguishable after a while. Death, killing, and suffering is an expectation in war, in a true war story, virtue does not exist; therefore, remorse and empathy cannot exist either. O’Brien clearly illustrates this idea, when writing about the buffalo. Krakauer also uses graphic imagery to show the grisly reality of war. Krakauer tells a story about a moose shot by  McCandless, â€Å"He butchered the carcass under a thick cloud of flies and mosquitoes, boiled the organs into a stew, and then laboriously excavated a burrow in the face of the rocky stream bank directly below the bus, in which he tried to cure, by smoking, the immense slabs o f purple flesh (Krakauer 209).† The shock and gore of cutting up a dead animal with insects biting and flying about could lend itself well to a true war story, but here, it does not. What differentiates this story from O’Brien’s is that Krakauer writes that McCandless felt â€Å"remorse soon after he shot the moose† (Krakauer 209). Because of this remorse, this is not a true war story. If this were a true war story as identified by O’Brien, there would be no sympathy for the animal, no moral outrage by the killer that every part of the animal could not be used. A true war story would not show the level of respect for life, for human and animal value; a true war story disregards life. O’Brien writes that when the buffalo torture was over, it was simply thrown in a well with no regard for the animal, an act that not only punished the animal, but demonstrated a lack of respect for human life as the drinking water from that well would be contaminated. Conversely, Krakauer emphasizes t he great measures McCandless took to preserve the moose meat, and the moral dilemma McCandless faced because he was not successful. O’Brien leaves little room for a story that has any moral significance to be considered a true war story. The author contends that â€Å"If at the end of a war story you feel uplifted, or if you feel that some small bit of rectitude has been salvaged from the larger waste, then you have been made the victim of a very old and terrible lie. There is no rectitude whatsoever† (O’Brien 269). War, for O’Brien, is inherently devoid of morality; so any action occurring as a part of war is fruit from a poisonous tree—it is tainted and cannot be separated to be made clean, or right. True war stories acknowledge this. To say that there can be moral action as two sides are determined to kill more of them while they are trying to kill more of you, is an absurdity. The fighting and conflict, the struggle to maintain one’s humanity in the face of death and dying is challenging to say the least. Four times within â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† Oà ¢â‚¬â„¢Brien tells the story of Curt Lemon being killed by a landmine. Each time the story is told, there is a new variant, or one taken away; his changes in language, words,  and details range from revolting to beautiful. Certain things change, but the story stays the same—there is death and loss everywhere. That is the story, the true war story. No matter how it is told, Lemon dies and Riley will never laugh with him again. Contrast this with Krakauer who writes Into the Wild after having already written a magazine article on Chris McCandless. Krakauers â€Å"Selections from into the Wild† could not be considered a true war story in the way that O’Brien defines it, because the selection itself is an act of morality. The magazine article Krakauer wrote prior to his writing of the essay can arguably be considered a true war story as it portrays an ill-prepared young man who is done in by his own arrogance. Many who read the article lacked sympathy for the fallen, and instead ridiculed him. People love stories of heroes, but they l ove stories of failures just as well, as long as the failure is some arrogant jerk getting his just deserts. Krakauer could have left the story there, but he did not, he chose to look deeper to get to the truth, to get to the â€Å"absolute occurrence† (O’Brien 277) that O’Brien warns is irrelevant in a true war story. Krakauer wanted to experience what the subject of his story experienced, and make right the wrong he had done with his article—he wants to do the morally responsible thing. Krakauer writes of his journey to set out on the path blazed by McCandless, â€Å"I, too, hope to cross the river. I want to visit the bus. I want to see where McCandless died, to better understand why† (Krakauer 213). Crossing the river—a metaphor used by O’Brien as well—meant facing the unknown in order to learn more and continuing the search for whatever was lost or missing. In some war stories details are important. They can change they the story altogether. They can change an incompetent, arrogant, boy into a disciplined young man who was willing to take up a dangerous challenge just to prove to himself that he could, even if he did not. Krakauer used the essay as tool to change perceptions to ones based on truth; in changing the details he changed the story. Not all war stories are true, in â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† Tim O’Brien lays out the elements needed in a war story to be considered true. Jon Krakauer tells a war story, but it is not a true war story by O’Brien’s standards. Morality is the dividing line between Krakauer telling a war  story, a true war story.